C

C

a programming language designed by Dennis Ritchie during the early 1970s and immediately used to reimplement Unix; so called because many features derived from an earlier compiler named `B' in commemoration of its parent, BCPL. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux

C

n. 1. The third letter of the English alphabet. 2. ASCII 1000011. 3. The name of a programming language designed by Dennis Ritchie during the early 1970s and immediately used to reimplement Unix; so called because many features derived from an earlier compiler named `B' in commemoration of its parent, BCPL. (BCPL was in turn descended from an earlier Algol-derived language, CPL.) Before Bjarne Stroustrup settled the question by designing C++, there was a humorous debate over whether C's successor should be named `D' or `P'. C became immensely popular outside Bell Labs after about 1980 and is now the dominant language in systems and microcomputer applications programming. See also languages of choice, indent style. C is often described, with a mixture of fondness and disdain varying according to the speaker, as "a language that combines all the elegance and power of assembly language with all the readability and maintainability of assembly language". From Jargon Dictionary

C Shell

A Linux shell written to look sort of like the C programming language. It prompts you with %. Its program name is csh. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux

C programming language

Point: The language is quirky, difficult for beginners to learn, and really just an accident of history. Despite this, one must grok the language in order to become an elite hacker. Key point: The large number of buffer overflow exploits is directly related to poor way that C protects programmers from doing the wrong thing. On the other hand, these lack of protections leads directly to its high speed. From Hacking-Lexicon

C++

/C'-pluhs-pluhs/ n. Designed by Bjarne Stroustrup of AT&T Bell Labs as a successor to C. Now one of the languages of choice, although many hackers still grumble that it is the successor to either Algol 68 or Ada (depending on generation), and a prime example of second-system effect. Almost anything that can be done in any language can be done in C++, but it requires a language lawyer to know what is and what is not legal-- the design is almost too large to hold in even hackers' heads. Much of the cruft results from C++'s attempt to be backward compatible with C. Stroustrup himself has said in his retrospective book "The Design and Evolution of C++" (p. 207), "Within C++, there is a much smaller and cleaner language struggling to get out." [Many hackers would now add "Yes, and it's called Java" --ESR] From Jargon Dictionary

CAEN Linux

The CAEN RedHat 6.1 (BlueHat) distribution was an effort put together by CAEN to provide a free, downloadable release of RedHat 6.1 that would be "secure out of the box" and well configured for the University of Michigan environment. The site seems to have been last updated in September 2000. Distribution development is not all that active. From LWN Distribution List

CDE (Common Desktop Environment)

UNIX has not traditionally been intended as a desktop operating system, and therefore has lacked many of the features of Windows and Macintosh PCs. CDE is a standard supported by numerous UNIX vendors to supply a common desktop environment on top of X Windows and RPC. Of interest to hackers are the following, services: ToolTalk rpc.ttdbd Provides the core of most "desktop" services. Provides an inter-application communication library that can be linked to applications. ToolTalk has had two major remote exploits providing root access. In 1999, a buffer-overflow was discovered. In 2001, a format-string exploit was discovered. Both resulted in widespread compromises. From Hacking-Lexicon

CDLinux

CDlinux is a CD based mini Linux distribution, which runs from a CDROM. It aims to be an administration/rescue tool for Eastern Asian (CJK) users. CDlinux is also highly user configureable, and supports a wide range of hardware (PCMCIA/SCSI/USB). Version 0.4.3 was released June 10, 2003. A CD-based distribution. From LWN Distribution List

CDLinux

This CDLinux was a Chinese Debian GNU/Linux running on a CD. Last update, March 30, 2001. Distribution development is not all that active. From LWN Distribution List

CERN Linux

CERN Linux is based on Red Hat Linux, with modifications to the kernel (to better support their hardware) and with additional software for High Energy Physics (HEP). It is used mostly at CERN and a few of the smaller HEP institutes worldwide, running on farm machines, servers, desktops and embedded PCs. CERN 7.3.2 was released April 9, 2003. Added to list June 17, 2003. From LWN Distribution List

CGI (Common Gateway Interface)

An interface between a Web site and a user. It allows forms, surveys and other documents to be filled on-line and the results automatically sent to the web site's UNIX server. From Glossary of Distance Education and Internet Terminology

CGI (Common Gateway Interface)

Used on Web servers to transmit data between scripts and/or applications and then return the data to the Web page or browser. CGI scripts are often created using the Perl language, and can generate dynamic Web content (including e-commerce shopping baskets, discussion groups, survey forms, current news, etc.). From I-gloss

CHAP

Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol - used to verify a user's name and password for PPP Internet connections. It is more secure than the other main authentication protocol (PAP).From Linux Guide @FirstLinux

CHS

stands for Cylinder/Head/Sector. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux

CHS (Cylinder/Head/Sector)

Disk information required by FDISK during partitioning. From I-gloss

CIFS

Common Internet File System: a protocol that defines a standard for remote file access using millions of computers at a time. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux

CLI (Command Line Interface)

A full-screen or windowed text-mode session where the user executes programs by typing in commands with or without parameters. The CLI displays output text from the operating system or program and provides a command prompt for user input. From I-gloss

CLI (command line interface)

A means of communication between a program and its user, based solely on textual input and output. Commands are input with the help of a keyboard or similar device and are interpreted and executed by the program. Results are output as text or graphics to the terminal. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux

CLIC

MandrakeSoft, Bull and INPG/INRIA, a Grenoble Research Group created CLIC, a Linux Clustering Distribution. The first CLIC version, released October 30, 2002, features rapid deployment, auto-configuration, MPICH, LAM and PVM support, a large number of mathematical libraries, and Netjuggler (a parallelized virtual reality 3D engine). A 'special purpose/mini' distribution. From LWN Distribution List

CLU

Command Line Utility: a program that can be executed from the command prompt. Examples of command line utilities in Linux are ls, dd, tar and gzip. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux

CLU (Command Line Utility)

A program that is run from a command line session, or shell, such as Tar or Mkdir. From I-gloss

CMOS

When the system is powered off, some persistent BIOS settings are stored in a small bit of battery sustained RAM built using CMOS technology. The name "CMOS settings" have become synonymous with "BIOS settings". Some viruses have been known to corrupt these settings, resulting in a condition where the machine can no longer boot. Simply setting a jumper to disconnect the battery backup will restore the settings back to factory defaults. From Hacking-Lexicon

CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor)

An energy-saving chip made to duplicate the functions of other chips, such as momry chips or microprocessors. CMOS chips are used in battery-powered portable computers and in other applications where reduced electrical consumption is desired. CMOS also refers to a special CMOS chip that operates the real time clock included on a motherboard and stores the basic system configuration, including floppy and hard disk types, amount of installed momery, and wat state settings. These settings are retained while the computer is off with only nominal battery support. From QUECID

CMSD (Calender Manager Server Daemon)

rpc.cmsd Provides an online calender were different people can view each other's schedules. The very existence of this application scares some security profesionals because it reveals too much information about individuals In 1998, a buffer-overflow in CMSD was one of the most popular exploits on the Internet. dtspcd DeskTop SubProces Control Daemon A service whereby a CDE process can easily launch another process on another computer. In November 2001, a remote exploit was discovered that affects all major UNIX vendors. From Hacking-Lexicon

COBOL

/koh'bol/ n. [COmmon Business-Oriented Language] (Synonymous with evil.) A weak, verbose, and flabby language used by card wallopers to do boring mindless things on dinosaur mainframes. Hackers believe that all COBOL programmers are suits or code grinders, and no self-respecting hacker will ever admit to having learned the language. Its very name is seldom uttered without ritual expressions of disgust or horror. One popular one is Edsger W. Dijkstra's famous observation that "The use of COBOL cripples the mind; its teaching should, therefore, be regarded as a criminal offense." (from "Selected Writings on Computing: A Personal Perspective") See also fear and loathing, software rot. From Jargon Dictionary

COLA

A shorthand way of referring to the Internet newsgroup comp.os.linux.announce, where Linux-related materials are announced. From I-gloss

COM port

Communication or serial port on PCs of the Intel variety usually used for a data communication interface. From Glossary of Distance Education and Internet Terminology

COMPUSEC (computer security InfraGuard)

InfraGuard is an alliance between the FBI and the private sector designed to protect the information infrastructure (i.e. the Internet). InfraGuard provides formal and informal channels for exchanging information (between government and the private sector) about Internet threats and vulnerabilities. InfraGuard is organized into local area chapters throughout the United States, where local private organizations get in touch with the oppropriate FBI field office. Contrast: Information is gathered from InfraGuard chapters and funneled up to the NIPC, which analyzes and cleanses the data, and distributes it back out to its members. From Hacking-Lexicon

COPYING

file

CORBA

an architecture and specification for creating, distributing, and managing distributed program objects in a network. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux

COSIX

Distribution and website are in Chinese. From LWN Distribution List

CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check)

A form of a checksum that is able to detect accidental transmission errors. It is used on Ethernet in order to detect packet errors. It is also used on some operating systems in order to detect accidental errors in programs before running them. Key point: Like a checksum, a CRC is not able to detect intentional changes. You must use a cryptographic hash for that. From Hacking-Lexicon

CRUX

CRUX is a lightweight, i686-optimized Linux distribution targeted at experienced Linux users. The primary focus of this distribution is "keep it simple", which is reflected in a simple tar.gz-based package system, BSD-style initscripts, and a relatively small collection of trimmed packages. The secondary focus is utilization of new Linux features and recent tools and libraries. Version 1.1 was released March 24, 2003. From LWN Distribution List

CSS

Cascading Style Sheets: A simple mechanism for adding style (e.g. fonts, colors, spacing) to Web documents. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux

CSS (Cascading Style Sheet)

A standard for specifying the appearance of text and other elements. CSS was developed for use with HTML in Web pages but is also used in other situations, notably in applications built using XPFE. CSS is typically used to provide a single "library" of styles that are used over and over throughout a large number of related documents, as in a web site. A CSS file might specify that all numbered lists are to appear in italics. By changing that single specification the look of a large number of documents can be easily changed. From Matisse

CSU/DSU (Customer Service Unit/Digital Service Unit)

Sometimes called a digital modem. It does not modulate or demodulate, but converts a computer's uni-polar digital signal to a bi-polar digital signal for transmission over ISDN lines. From Glossary of Distance Education and Internet Terminology

CTCP

An acronym for Client-To-Client-Protocol, see IRC. From KADOWKEV

CVS

A source code control system is a MUST to manage the changes occurring to a software project during development. Developers need a complete history of changes to backtrack to previous versions in case of any problems. Since source code is the most vital component of any software project and software development takes a huge amount of time and money, it is very important to spend some time in safe-guarding the source code by using source code control systems like CVS and RCS. CVS (Concurrent Version Control System) is a powerful tool which allows concurrent development of software by multiple users. It uses RCS underneath and has an application layer interface as a wrapper on top of RCS. CVS can record the history of your files (usually, but not always, source code). CVS only stores the differences between versions, instead of every version of every file you've created. CVS also keeps a log of who, when and why changes occurred, among other aspects. CVS is very helpful for managing releases and controlling the concurrent editing of source files among multiple authors. Instead of providing version control for a collection of files in a single directory, CVS provides version control for a hierarchical collection of directories consisting of revision controlled files. These directories and files can then be combined to form a software release. CVS can be used for storing "C", "C++", Java, Perl, HTML and other files. HISTORY of CVS: CVS is a very highly sophisticated and complex system. It is the "State of the Art" technology and is so called "software miracle". The CVS software is a very advanced and capable system developed over a very long period of time. And it took several years to mature!! It took about 20 to 30 years of research to develop CVS algorithms and later it was coded into a software. And even today, it is still evolving!! CVS algorithms actually started in Universities several decades ago and CVS implementation started out as a bunch of shell scripts written by Dick Grune, who posted it to the newsgroup comp.sources.unix in the volume 6 release of December, 1986. While no actual code from these shell scripts is present in the current version of CVS much of the CVS conflict resolution algorithms come from them. In April, 1989, Brian Berliner designed and coded CVS. Jeff Polk later helped Brian with the design of the CVS module and vendor branch support. And today each and every major software development project in the world is written using CVS as the safe repository. As good old software hats say - "You are in very safe hands, if you are using CVS !!!" From http://www.milkywaygalaxy.freeservers.com

Cache

A storage area that keeps frequently accessed data or program instructions readily available so that you don't have to retrieve them repeatedly from slow storage. Caches improve storage by storing data or instructions in faster sections of memory and by using efficient design to increase the likelihood that the data needed next is in the cache. From QUECID

Caixa Magica

The desktop version "Computador Magico" is available now. The server version "Servidor Magico" will be available soon. This distribution is partialy based on Debian and SuSE, but much of it was rewritten, and localized in Portuguese. It includes OpenOffice. Added to list July 8, 2002. Version 8.01 was released May 21, 2003. From LWN Distribution List

Camel Book

n. Universally recognized nickname for the book "Programming Perl", by Larry Wall and Randal L. Schwartz, O'Reilly and Associates 1991, ISBN 0-937175-64-1 (second edition 1996, ISBN 1-56592-149-6). The definitive reference on Perl. From Jargon Dictionary

Castle

Castle is a server distribution from the ALT Linux Team in Russia. Installation instructions and some other documentation is available in English. A 'secured' distribution. From LWN Distribution List

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

The component of a computer in which data processing takes place.From Glossary of Distance Education and Internet Terminology

Certificate Authority

An issuer of Security Certificates used in SSL connections. From Matisse

ChainSaw Linux

ChainSaw Linux had video production, but as of May 4, 2002, the original Editing Edition is seen as "the ultimate goal for ChainSaw Linux." A 'special purpose/mini' distribution. From LWN Distribution List

ChangeLog file

A specially formatted list containing a history of all changes ever done to the package, by whom, and on what date. Used to track work on the package. From Rute-Users-Guide

Checksum

An acronym for SUMmation CHECK. In data communications, an error-checking technique in which the number of bits in a unit of data is summed, transmitted along with the data, and checked by the receiving computer. If the sum differs, an error probably occurred in transmission and the transmission is repeated. A commonly used personal computer communications protocol called XMODEM uses the checksum technique. In some virus scanning and file integrity software checksums are calculted for every file in a directory and the results are stoed in the directory. When the program is scanningm it compares the checksum information stored in the directory with the current checksum for each scanned file. A difference in the sum may indicate that the file has been infected by a virus that doesn't leave a recognised signature. From QUECID

Chew

A component of network lag, chew is the percentage of packets that are 'eaten' by the network connection. Ideally no packets should be lost, but the Internet is often anything but ideal. From KADOWKEV

Chinese 2000 Linux

Chinese 2000 Linux comes from Hong Kong. From LWN Distribution List

Chinese Linux Extension

CLE is still there, mostly in Chinese, last update November 9, 2001. From LWN Distribution List

Circle MUDLinux

MUDLinux is minidistribution of Linux containing a running Circle MUDServer. A 'special purpose/mini' distribution. From LWN Distribution List

ClarkConnect

ClarkConnect is a Red Hat based distribution which can can transform standard PC hardware into a dedicated broadband gateway and easy-to-use server. The software is a great solution for small businesses, home offices, and networked homes. ClarkConnect version 1.1 was released July 31, 2002. From LWN Distribution List

Classic C

/klas'ik C/ n. [a play on `Coke Classic'] The C programming language as defined in the first edition of K&R, with some small additions. It is also known as `K&R C'. The name came into use while C was being standardized by the ANSI X3J11 committee. Also `C Classic'. An analogous construction is sometimes applied elsewhere: thus, `X Classic', where X = Star Trek (referring to the original TV series) or X = PC (referring to IBM's ISA-bus machines as opposed to the PS/2 series). This construction is especially used of product series in which the newer versions are considered serious losers relative to the older ones. From Jargon Dictionary

Client

A machine that requests services (e-mail, for example) from a server. From I-gloss

Client

A software program that is used to contact and obtain data from a Server software program on another computer, often across a great distance. EachClient program is designed to work with one or more specific kinds of Server programs, and each Server requires a specific kind of Client. A Web Browser is a specific kind of Client. From Matisse

ClumpOS

From Pachyderm Software, ClumpOS is a CD-based Linux/MOSIX mini-distribution designed to allow you to quickly, or temporarily, add nodes to a MOSIX cluster. By default ClumpOS will attempt to configure the system for correct MOSIX operation, but an 'Expert' mode allows users to manually configure network and MOSIX settings. Version R5.0 was released February 12, 2002, with Linux kernel 2.4.17 and MOSIX 1.5.7 for 2.4.17. Version R7.0 was released September 18, 2002. Support for ClumpOS was discontinued as of January 31, 2003. A CD-based distribution. From LWN Distribution List

Cluster

A network of workstations (PCs or other) running Linux. (Also, see Beowulf.) From I-gloss

Cluster

On a floppy or hard disk, the basic unit of data storage. A cluster includes two or more sectors. From QUECID

Cluster

Range from a conventional network of workstations (NOW) to essentially custom parallel machines that just happen to use Linux PCs as processor nodes. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux

ClusterKnoppix

ClusterKnoppix is a basically a modified Knoppix with the openMosix kernel. Bittorrent: clusterKNOPPIX_V3.2-2003-05-20-EN-cl1.iso was released May 28, 2003. A 'special purpose/mini' distribution. From LWN Distribution List

Co-operative multitasking

In an operating system, a means of running more than one program at a time. In cooperative multitasking, one application program cannot force another to do something. An application yields to another voluntarily, but only after checking the electronic equivalent of a message box to see if any other applications have made a request. If the applicatio nis involved in a lengthy operation, howeber, it may not check the message box until the opeation is completed. See pre-emptive multitasking. From QUECID

Codec

In multimedia, a program that comresses audio, video, or graphics files for efficient storag or transmission, and decompresses them for playback purposes. Codec is an abbreviatoin for compressional decompression. From QUECID

Codec (COder/DECoder)

Device used to convert analog signals to digital signals for transmission and reconvert signals upon reception at the remote site while allowing for the signal to be compressed for less expensive transmission. From Glossary of Distance Education and Internet Terminology

College Linux

CollegeLinux is made available by Robert Kennedy College, Del.Aimont, Suisse to both RKC and non RKC students. CollegeLinux is a new, stand-alone operating system based on Slackware. The aim of this experimental Linux distribution is to provide to students with an operating system which is easy to install and use and which provides an alternative to the traditional commercial operating systems. Entry added March 4, 2003. College Linux 2.3 (Darth Vader) was released May 9, 2003. From LWN Distribution List

Comma-delimited file

A data file, usually in ASCII format, in which a user or program serates the data items by commas to facilitate the transfer of data to another program. From QUECID

Command

A user-initiated signal given to a progam that initiates, terminates, or otherwise controls the execution of a specific operation. In command-driven programs, you type the command statement and its associated syntax and press Enter, In a menu=driven program, you choose a command from an on-screen menu. From QUECID

Command Prompt

The DOS/Windows and OS/2 term for the part of the command line interface where the user types commands. (Also, see Shell Prompt.) From I-gloss This term can also be used in a Linux/UNIX context to describe the '#' or '$' symbol which signifies that the system is ready to accept some input. From Binh

Commands

You tell the computer what to do with single words typed into the computer one at a time. Modern computers appear to have done away with the typing of commands by having beautiful graphical displays that work with a mouse, but, fundamentally, all that is happening is that commands are being secretly typed in for you. Using commands is still the only way to have complete power over the computer. You don't really know anything about a computer until you come to grips with the commands it uses. Using a computer will very much involve typing in a word, pressing , and then waiting for the computer screen to spit something back at you. Most commands are typed in to do something useful to a file. From Rute-Users-Guide

Compile

To turn programming source code into an executable program. From I-gloss

Compiled Language

A language that requires a compiler program to turn programming source code into an executable machine-language binary program. After compiling once, the program can continue to be run from its binary form without compiling again. Compiled languages/programs tend to be faster than interpreted or p-code languages, but require compilers (which can be expensive), and are often more difficult to program in than interpreted and p-code languages. Examples of compiled languages are C and C++, COBOL, and FORTRAN. From I-gloss

Compiler

A program that reads the statements written in a human-readable programming language, such as Pacal or Modula-2, and translates the statements into a machine-readable executable program. Compiled programs run significantly faster than interpreted ones because the program interacts directly with the microprocessor and doesn't need to share memory space with the interpreter. From QUECID

Compledge Sentinel

Compledge Sentinel is a Linux distribution designed for monitoring, auditing and intrusion detection. - a complete solution to solve as many monitoring needs and aspects as possible. A wide variety of open source software is included: Nagios, Nagat, Nessus, Snort, ACID, openMosix, Apache /w OpenSSL, PHP and MySQL. The whole package is distributed on one CD, ready to install on any x86-based computer. Version RC2.1 was released May 22, 2003. A 'special purpose/mini' distribution. From LWN Distribution List

Compress

A UNIX compression utility that creates files with the *.Z extensin. A copyrighted program, compress cannot be freely redistributed, so many UNIX users prefer to use the Open Software Foundation's gunzip, which creates compressed files with the *.gz extension. From QUECID

Compress

To make a file smaller by applying a compression algorithm, usually for the purpose of conserving space or speeding up file transfers. This can also refer to the Unix command to compress a file which appends '.Z' to the filename, or to the free GNU enhanced version, gzip. From KADOWKEV

Compressed Video

Video signals are downsized to allow travel along a smaller carrier. From Glossary of Distance Education and Internet Terminology

Compressed file

A file converted by a file compression utility to a special format that minimizes the disk storage space required. From QUECID

Compression

The compacting of files to save storage space and reduce transfer time. Compression uses algorithms such as Lempel-Ziv, LZW and Huffman coding. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux

Compression

The reduction of a file's size by means of a compression program. The two types of compression are loassless compression and lossy compression. In lossless compression, the compression process allows for subsequent decompression of the data with no loss of the original data. Lossless compression is used for program and dat files. Lossy compression, in which the compression processes remove some of the data in a way that is not obvious to a person using te data. Lossy compression is used for sounds, graphics, animations, and videos. Many modems offer on-the-fly compression, and often use the MNP5 or V.42bis protocols. From QUECID

Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI)

Teaching process in which a computer is used to enhance the education of a student. From Glossary of Distance Education and Internet Terminology

Concatenation

To link together two or more units of information, such as strings or files, so that they form one unit. In spreadsheet programs, concatenation is used to combine text in a formula by placing an ampersand between the formula and text. From QUECID

Conectiva Linux

Based in Brazil, Conectiva is well-known in South America and has excellent Portuguese and Spanish support. Conectiva is the Latin and South American arm of UnitedLinux. The most current versions (as of April 2003) seem to be Conectiva Linux 9 and Conectiva Linux Enterprise Edition - Powered by UnitedLinux v1.0. From LWN Distribution List

Configuration

The choices made in setting up a computer system or an application program so that it meets the user's needs. Properly configuring your system is one of the more onerous tasks of personal computing and is mostly performed via manual alteration of system files in the /etc directory or 'dotfiles' in a user's home directory. Wizards such as the linuxconf and webmin can make such a task much easier. From QUECID

Configuration file

A file created by an application progarm that stores the choices you make when you install (or configure) the program so that they're available the next time you start the program. From QUECID

Console Application

A command line program that does not require (or perhaps even offer) a graphical user interface to run. From I-gloss

Console Linux

A general purpose distribution in Portuguese. From LWN Distribution List

Contiguous

Adjacent; placed one next to or after the other. A range of cells in a spreadsheet is often, but not always, made up of contiguous cells. From QUECID

Control code

In ASCII (American Standard for Information Interchange, a code reserved for hardware-control purposes. In Abiword, for example, pressing Ctrl+F calls up the Find dialog box. From QUECID

Cookie

The most common meaning of "Cookie" on the Internet refers to a piece of information sent by a Web Server to a Web Browser that the Browser software is expected to save and to send back to the Server whenever the browser makes additional requests from the Server. Depending on the type of Cookie used, and the Browsers' settings, the Browser may accept or not accept the Cookie, and may save the Cookie for either a short time or a long time. Cookies might contain information such as login or registration information, online "shopping cart" information, user preferences, etc. When a Server receives a request from a Browser that includes a Cookie, the Server is able to use the information stored in the Cookie. For example, the Server might customize what is sent back to the user, or keep a log of particular users' requests. Cookies are usually set to expire after a predetermined amount of time and are usually saved in memory until the Browser software is closed down, at which time they may be saved to disk if their "expire time" has not been reached. Cookies do not read your hard drive and send your life story to the CIA, but they can be used to gather more information about a user than would be possible without them. From Matisse

Cool Linux CD

Cool Linux CD is a bootable CD that contains a live Linux distribution based on Red Hat 7.3. It also includes the XFS filesystem, devfs, IceWM, QVWM, ROX-filer, OpenOffice.org, Opera, Mozilla, Sylpheed, Pan, Licq, X-chat, GFTP, ppp-redialer, xmms, xine, mplayer, gqview, LinNeighborhood, IPTraffic, VMWare, and more. Initial version 1.30 was released August 13, 2002. Version 2.01 was released November 24, 2002. A CD-based distribution. From LWN Distribution List

Core dump

In mainframe computing, a debugging technique that involved printing out the entire contents of the computer's core, or memory. In slang, the term refers to a person who, when asked a simple question, recites everything he or she remembers about a subject. From QUECID

Corrupted file

A file that contains scrambled and unrecoverable data. Files can become corrupted due to bad sectors (surface flaws on the disk), hard or floppy disk drive controller failures, or software errors. From QUECID

Cox, Alan

An important developer of the Linux kernel including developing Linux networking, SMP. Other projects he has worked on include Linux/SGI, Linux/Mac68K, Linux/8086 ports, TV card drivers and Linux sound. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux

Coyote Linux

Coyote Linux v1.x (Floppy Release) is designed to run entirely from a floppy and does not require a hard drive or CDROM to be present in the system that it runs on. Creation of a Coyote Linux floppy can be done with either a Linux shell script or a Windows Wizard, both of which are available from the Coyote Linux download sites. Coyote Linux 1.32 was released January 6, 2003. Development version 2.0.0-pre5 was released June 18, 2003. Another project, the Fury IP Load Balancer, has been spun off the ECL base. Wolverine Alpha 1, a firewall and VPN product based on Embedded Coyote, was released January 15, 2002. Wolverine 1.0.283 was released November 12, 2002. A floppy-based distribution. From LWN Distribution List

Cracker

A computer user who illegally visits networked computers to look around and/or cause harm. A criminal. From Glossary of Distance Education and Internet Terminology

Crash Recovery Kit

The Crash Recovery Kit for Linux is based on Red Hat Linux. It can be used as a recovery disc for lots of systems, not just Linux. All Linux filesystems as well as FAT16 and FAT32 are supported. Version 2.4.18 was released March 31, 2002. A CD-based distribution. From LWN Distribution List

Cron

A Linux daemon that executes specified tasks at a designated time or interval (can be daily, weekly, etc....). From I-gloss

Cryptography

The study of codes, cryptography refers to the making and breaking of algorithms to conceal or otherwise encrypt information. One of the most popular internet encryption schemes is PGP. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux

Cyberpunk

Cyberpunk was originally a cultural sub-genre of science fiction taking place in a not-so-distant, dystopian, over-industrialized society. The term grew out of the work of William Gibson and Bruce Sterling and has evolved into a cultural label encompassing many different kinds of human, machine, and punk attitudes. It includes clothing and lifestyle choices as well. From Matisse

Cyberspace

Term originated by author William Gibson in his novel Neuromancer the word Cyberspace is currently used to describe the whole range of information resources available through computer networks. From Matisse

Cyberspace

The nebulous "place" where humans interact over computer networks, same as virtual space. From Glossary of Distance Education and Internet Terminology

Cylinder

In hard and floppy disk drives, a unit of storage consisting of the set of tracks that occupy the same position on opposite sides of the platter. On a double-sided disk, a cylinder includes track 1 on the top of one another, a cylinder consists of track 1 on both sides of all the disks. From QUECID

Cylinders, heads, and sectors

The physical drive itself usually comprises several actual disks of which both sides are used. The sides are labelled 0, 1, 2, 3, and so on, and are also called heads because one magnetic head per side does the actual reading and writing. Each side/head has tracks, and each track is divided into segments called sectors. Each sector typically holds 512 bytes. The total amount of space on the drive in bytes is therefore: 512 x (sectors-per-track) x (tracks-per-side) x (number-of-sides) A single track and all the tracks of the same diameter (on all the sides) are called a cylinder. Disks are normally talked about in terms of ``cylinders and sectors'' instead of ``sides, tracks, and sectors.'' Partitions are (usually) divided along cylinder boundaries. Hence, disks do not have arbitrarily sized partitions; rather, the size of the partition is usually a multiple of the amount of data held in a single cylinder. Partitions therefore have a definite inner and outer diameter. From Rute-Users-Guide

c++

GNU project C++ Compiler From whatis

c++filt

Demangle *(C+ and Java symbols. From whatis

c-sig

A signature tool for GNU Emacs C-sig is a signature insertion tool for GNU Emacs. Features in c-sig include: - registering signatures interactively - learning facility - expanding signatures dynamically - modifying signatures through elisp functions From Debian 3.0r0 APT

c2050

Lexmark 2050 Color Jetprinter Linux Driver Filter to convert a Postscript file to Lexmark 2050 format. This driver allow you to print at 300dpi in color on A4 paper. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

c2hs

C->Haskell Interface Generator C->Haskell is an interface generator that simplifies the development of Haskell bindings to C libraries. The tool processes existing C header files that determine data layout and function signatures on the C side in conjunction with Haskell modules that specify Haskell-side type signatures and marshaling details. Hooks embedded in the Haskell code signal access to C structures and functions -- they are expanded by the interfacing tool in dependence on information from the corresponding C header file. Haskell 98 is "the" standard lazy functional programming language. More info plus the language definition is at http://www.haskell.org/. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

c2html

Highlight C sources for WWW presentation c2html can highlight your source for presentation in the WWW. It can also be used as a CGI script and can detect whether the client browser supports compressed data to save bandwidth. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

c2man

Graham Stoney's mechanized man page generator C2man is an automatic documentation tool that extracts comments from C source code to generate functional interface documentation in the same format as sections 2 & 3 of the Unix Programmer's Manual. It requires minimal effort from the programmer by looking for comments in the usual places near the objects they document, rather than imposing a rigid function-comment syntax or requiring that the programmer learn and use a typesetting language. Acceptable documentation can often be generated from existing code with no modifications. conformance: supports both K&R and ISO/ANSI C coding styles Features: * generates output in nroff -man, TeXinfo, LaTeX or HTML format * handles comments as part of the language grammar * automagically documents enum parameter & return values * handles C (/* */) and C++ (//) style comments Problems: * doesn't handle C++ grammar (yet) * doxygen does this job better From Debian 3.0r0 APT

c2man

generate manual pages from C source code From whatis

c2ph

Dump C structures as generated from *(C`cc -g -S*(C' stabs From whatis

c89

ANSI (1989) C compiler From whatis

ca-certificates

Common CA Certificates PEM files It includes the followings PEM files of CA certificates * Mozilla builtin CA certificates * db.debian.org certificate This is useful for any openssl applications to verify SSL connection. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

cabextract

a program to extract Microsoft Cabinet files Cabextract is a program which unpacks cabinet (.cab) files, which are a form of archive Microsoft uses to distribute their software and things like Windows Font Packs. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

cache

A small fast memory holding recently accessed data, designed to speed up subsequent access to the same data. Most often applied to processor-memory access but also used for a local copy of data accessible over a network etc. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux

cache

In general computer science, the word cache means simply to keep things around in case they are used again. For example, when you log onto your system, your username and password are stored in a cache in memory, because they are repeatedly used by the system every time you access a resource. Key point: Sometimes systems can be exploited through the cache. Examples are: HTTP proxy servers Companies use these so that thousands of users can share a single Internet connection. They store recently used webpages so that when multiple users access the same web-site, the proxy server only has to go across the link once in order to fetch the page for all the users. A never ending series of bugs leads to conditions whereby when one user logs into a website, other users can see that first user's data. Web-browser history/file cache Once a hacker breaks into a machine, he/she can view the history cache (list of URLs) or file cache (the actual contents of the web-sites) in order to spy on where the user has been. Embarrassing, inadvertent disclosure of this information by users with certain surfing habits is common. Web-browser cookie cache Lots of web-sites store passwords within cookies, so that stealing somebody's cookie information will allow a hacker to log in as that user. From Hacking-Lexicon

cacti

Frontend to rrdtool for monitoring systems and services Cacti is a complete frondend to rrdtool, it stores all of the necessary information to create graphs and populate them with data in a MySQL database. The frontend is completely PHP driven. Along with being able to maintain Graphs, Data Sources, and Round Robin Archives in a database, cacti handles the data gathering also. There is also SNMP support for those used to creating traffic graphs with MRTG. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

cadaver

command-line client for WebDAV server Useful for WebDAV server testing and scripting. Works like command line FTP clients. This Version supports HTTPS, including Client Site Certificates. Briefly: WebDAV stands for "Web-based Distributed Authoring and Versioning". It is a set of extensions to the HTTP protocol which allows users to collaboratively edit and manage files on remote web servers. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

cadubi

Creative ASCII Drawing Utility By Ian CADUBI is an application written in Perl that allows you to draw text-based images that are viewable on typical unix-based consoles. Usually the applications that emulate these consoles support various text modes, such as background and foreground colors, bold, and inverse. This text art, commonly called "ASCII art," is used in various places such as online BBSes, email and login prompts. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

cal

Displays a simple calendar. If arguments are not specified, the current month is displayed. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux

cal

displays a calendar and the date of easter From whatis

calamaris

Log analyzer for Squid or Oops proxy log files Calamaris is a Perl script which generates nice statistics out of Squid or Oops log files. It is invoked daily before the proxy rotates its log files and mails the statistics or puts them on the web. There are quite a number of options to choose what kind of report should be generated (domain-report, peak-report, performance-report etc.). This can be tuned in /etc/cron.daily/calamaris An example of such a report can be found on http://www.cord.de/tools/squid/calamaris/calamaris-2.html From Debian 3.0r0 APT

calc

An advanced calculator and mathematical tool for Emacs This is an advanced calculator and mathematical tool for GNU Emacs. XEmacs has calc built-in, so you only need this package if you are using GNU Emacs. Very roughly based on the HP-28/48 series of calculators, calc's many features include: * Choice of algebraic or RPN (stack-based) entry of calculations. * Arbitrary precision integers and floating-point numbers. * Arithmetic on rational numbers, complex numbers (rectangular and polar), error forms with standard deviations, open and closed intervals, vectors and matrices, dates and times, infinities, sets, quantities with units, and algebraic formulas. * Mathematical operations such as logarithms and trigonometric functions. * Programmer's features (bitwise operations, non-decimal numbers). * Financial functions such as future value and internal rate of return. * Number theoretical features such as prime factorization and arithmetic modulo M for any M. * Algebraic manipulation features, including symbolic calculus. * Moving data to and from regular editing buffers. * "Embedded mode" for manipulating Calc formulas and data directly inside any editing buffer. * Graphics using GNUPLOT, a versatile (and free) plotting program. * Easy programming using keyboard macros, algebraic formulas, algebraic rewrite rules, or extended Emacs Lisp. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

calcoo

Scientific calculator (GTK+) Calcoo is a scientific calculator designed to provide maximum usability. The features that make Calcoo better than (at least some) other calculator programs are: - bitmapped button labels and display digits to improve readability - no double-function buttons - you need to click only one button for any operation (except for arc-hyp trigonometric functions) - undo/redo buttons - both RPN (reverse Polish notation) and algebraic modes - copy/pase interaction with X clipboard - display tick marks to separate thousands - two memory registers with displays - displays for Y, Z, and T registers From Debian 3.0r0 APT

calendar

reminder service From whatis

calife

Provides super user privileges to specific users. Calife is a lightweight alternative to Sudo. It allows selected users to obtain a shell with the identity of root, or another user, after entering their own password. This permits the system administrator to grant root privileges without sharing the root password. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

cam

Cpu's Audio Mixer for Linux An audio mixer for Linux, based originally on aumix. Supports both OSS/Free and OSS/Linux. The DOSEMU package provides the vga font which xcam (a script to run cam nicely in an xterm) needs to run properly, but it will run without it. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

camas

A versatile WebMail system for the Caudium WebServer CAMAS is a WebMail system created for the Caudium WebServer. It features multi-lingual interface (most European languages are already present in the distribution), full themability of the user interface, mailbox sorting, on-line mail notification, global and local address books, import from the Pine or Netscape address books and much more. CAMAS is written in the Pike language. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

came

Rewrite of the xawtv webcam app using imlib2 camE is a rewrite of the xawtv webcam app using imlib2 Features include: * Uses Imlib2 * TTF fonts * Blended transparent text * Title text * Options in ~/.camErc * Message read from separate file (eg echo "eating my dinner" > ~/.caminfo) * Color the text as you like * Text background any color/alpha value * scp support for uploading * And more... From Debian 3.0r0 APT

camediaplay

Still Camera Digital Interface A downloading/controlling tool for digital cameras with Sanyo firmware. Cameras with Sanyo firmware include all Olympus products, Epson products, Agfa products, and of course, Sanyo digital cameras. KNOWN TO WORK WITH The following lines list is based on Japanese product code. (US product code is in parentheses - EPSON's naming scheme is too confusing) - Olympus "Camedia" C-400L (Olympus D-200L) - Olympus "Camedia" C-820L (Olympus D-320L) - Olympus "Camedia" C-1000L (Olympus D-500L) - Olympus D-450Z - Olympus "Camedia" C-2020Z - Sanyo DSC-V1 (Sanyo VPC-G200E) - EPSON "Colorio Photo" CP-100 (EPSON PhotoPC) - EPSON "Colorio Photo" CP-200 (EPSON PhotoPC 500) - EPSON "Colorio Photo" CP-500 (EPSON PhotoPC 600) - Nikon CP-900 SHOULD WORK WITH Any camera with Sanyo firmware/CPU. Olympus, Epson, Agfa and Sanyo digital cameras falls into this category, reportedly. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

camlidl

Stub code generator for Objective Caml CamlIDL generates stub code for interfacing Caml with C from an IDL description of the C functions. Thus, CamlIDL automates the most tedious task in interfacing C libraries with Caml programs. It can also be used to interface Caml programs with other languages, as long as those languages have a well-defined C interface. This package contains the CamlIDL executable. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

camserv

stream video out onto the web Takes a video-for-linux video stream, generally from a camera, and streams it out live to requesting clients. Works with Mozilla, Netscape Navigator, and (under protest) Microsoft Internet Explorer. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

camserv-relay

relay camserv streaming video This connects as a client to a camserv streaming video server, and then acts as a camserv server, streaming the same data to clients. Useful when the computer doing the streaming has insufficient CPU, I/O, or network bandwidth to stream to the required number of clients. A tree of camserv relays can handle massive loads. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

camstream

collection of tools for webcams and other video-devices CamStream is (going to be) a collection of tools for webcams and other video-devices, enhancing your Linux system with multimedia video. All written in C++ and with a nice GUI frontend. The interface is based on Qt, an excellent GUI framework. The aim of this project is build a set of programs for: * Webcamming, that is saving an image and uploading it to a server at regular intervals; * Video conferencing; * Webcam broadcast (including server); * Recording movie clips (AVI, Quicktime) from a webcam (and playing them back); * Using a webcam as a security camera. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

canna

A japanese input system (server and dictionary). Canna is a Japanese input system available in Free Software. Canna provides a unified user interface for inputing Japanese. Canna supports Nemacs(Mule), kinput2 and canuum. All of these tools can be used by a single customization file, romaji-to-kana conversion rules and conversion dictionaries, and input Japanese in the same way. Canna converts kana to kanji based on a client-server model and supports automatic kana-to-kanji conversion. This package includes cannaserver program and dictionary files. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

cappuccino

an utility to let your boss think that you're working hard Run this software on your computer when you are not motivated to work, and enjoy doing something different. If your boss come in your cubicle, he'll think "Yeah, he's doing something different since his computer is really busy - He's doing something really important". From Debian 3.0r0 APT

captain

Graphical front-end for command line programs (Qt version) Captain is a universal graphical front-end (Qt) based on context-free grammars. The program kaptain reads a file containing grammatical rules for generating text. It builds a dialog from the grammar and generates the text according to the user's settings. There's also KDE version of this package (kaptain) if you have already installed KDE desktop. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

captoinfo

convert a termcap description into a terminfo description From whatis

casio

Backup utility for the CASIO diary. It is a package ported from DOS to allow communication to the CASIO series of hand-held organizers. It allows backup from CASIO to your computer and restore a backup file from your computer to the CASIO. It can also output human readable file from CASIO. Currently supports: phone, calendar, schedule, memo, and reminder. Read the documentation before using this program! From Debian 3.0r0 APT

castle-combat

enclose land and destroy your opponent's castle It's a clone of the old DOS game Rampart. Up to four players (or more in future versions) build castle walls, place cannons inside these walls, and shoot at the walls of their enemy(s). If a player can't build a complete wall around one of his castles, he loses. The last surviving player wins. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

casu

Communication and Status Utilities This package contains 2 utilities: 1. flon -- lists your friends who are logged on 2. to -- sends a short message to another user flon simply uses the ~/.friends file to instruct it on which users to display. Flon can also act like a BSD style who(1), if invoked with the -w option or from a symlink named 'who'. to is rather like write(1), except that it accepts input as command line arguments rather than on the standard input. It uses ~/.torc for configuration, and can be configured to autoreply to messages in different ways depending on whether you're logged in or not or if your terminal is idle, and can also exclude individual users from sending messages to your terminal. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

cat

[from `catenate' via Unix cat(1)] vt. 1. [techspeak] To spew an entire file to the screen or some other output sink without pause (syn. blast). 2. By extension, to dump large amounts of data at an unprepared target or with no intention of browsing it carefully. Usage: considered silly. Rare outside Unix sites. See also dd, BLT. Among Unix fans, cat(1) is considered an excellent example of user-interface design, because it delivers the file contents without such verbosity as spacing or headers between the files, and because it does not require the files to consist of lines of text, but works with any sort of data. Among Unix haters, cat(1) is considered the canonical example of bad user-interface design, because of its woefully unobvious name. It is far more often used to blast a file to standard output than to concatenate two files. The name cat for the former operation is just as unintuitive as, say, LISP's cdr. Of such oppositions are holy wars made.... See also UUOC. From Jargon Dictionary

cat

concatenate files and print on the standard output From whatis

catalog

Tool to create,maintain and display Yahoo! like directories. Catalog is a perl program that allows to create, maintain and display Yahoo! like directories. The user interface is 100% HTML. It requires a MySQL database to run. The general idea behind the design of Catalog is that creating a catalog is mainly a matter of organizing objects in a structured tree. For Catalog the objects are records in a table of the SQL database. The structured tree is a set of tree nodes and relations between these nodes. The maintainer of the catalog is in charge of building the tree and placing objects in this tree. Here is a short list of the functions provided by Catalog: * Display structured trees of resources. * Display chronologically ordered resources and associated calendar. * Display alphabetical indexes of resources. * Allow full text search in the resources and the category names. * Powerful HTML based administration of catalogs. * On-Line editing of resource records. * Handle an arbitrary number of catalogs. * High performances using mod_perl and Apache. * Easy customization of the user view using HTML template files. * It is possible to define more than one view of the same catalog. * Load and unload a thematic catalog in XML. * Create an HTML dump of a structured tree to publish a static version. * Complete documentation including a guide and a reference manual. * Ready to use example. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

catatonic

adj. Describes a condition of suspended animation in which something is so wedged or hung that it makes no response. If you are typing on a terminal and suddenly the computer doesn't even echo the letters back to the screen as you type, let alone do what you're asking it to do, then the computer is suffering from catatonia (possibly because it has crashed). "There I was in the middle of a winning game of nethack and it went catatonic on me! Aaargh!" Compare buzz. From Jargon Dictionary

catchsegv

Catch segmentation faults in programs From whatis

catdoc

MS-Word to TeX or plain text converter This program extracts text from MS-Word files, trying to preserve as many special printable characters as possible. catdoc supports everything up to Word-97. It doesn't even try to preserve fancy Word formatting, because Word users usually don't care about document structure, and it is this very thing which is important to LaTeX users. Also provided is xls2csv, which extracts data from Excel spreadsheets and outputs it in comma-separated-value format. This package suggests tk because it also includes wordview, an optional Tk-based GUI for catdoc. The MIME config provided in this package will use wordview is X is running, or catdoc directly if it is not. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

catdvi

DVI to plain text translator CatDVI translates a TeX Device Independent (DVI) file into a readable plaintext file. It aims to generate high-quality output that reproduces all aspects of the DVI file within the limits of the output medium. CatDVI uses Unicode internally and can output ASCII, ISO Latin 1 and UTF-8 Unicode. CatDVI can be used for previewing TeX documents on character-cell displays such as traditional terminals and terminal emulators. It is also possible to use it in generation of plain text documents from TeX source, assuming that the document is written with this conversion in mind. CatDVI is under development and as such yet incomplete. However, it is quite useful even in its current form and already outperforms some of its competition in some areas. CatDVI requires that the TFM files for all fonts used in its input DVI files are installed or can be generated by kpathsea. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

catman

create or update the pre-formatted manual pages From whatis

caudium

An extensible WWW server written in Pike Caudium is a modern, fast and extensible WWW server derived from Roxen. Caudium is by default compatible with Roxen 1.3 although some incompatible options, mostly introduced to improve the performance, security etc. of the server, can be turned on. Caudium features built-in log parsing engine (UltraLog), XSLT parser, native PHP4 support, multiple execution threads and many more features - see http://caudium.net/ and http://caudium.org/ for more information. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

cbb

The Check-Book Balancer - a Quicken clone CBB is a perl and tk application which can handle several bank accounts. CBB make transfers, balancing, spending analysis a breeze. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

cbedic

Text-mode Bulgarian/English Dictionary CBE Dictionary is a command-line Bulgarian to English and English to Bulgarian electronic Dictionary. It can work in interactive mode too. The dictionary databases are not included in this package. You have to download bedic-data.tar.gz from http://kbedic.sourceforge.net/download.php. Install the files buleng.dat and engbul.dat in /usr/local/share/bedic. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

cbrowser

a C/C++ source code indexing, querying and browsing tool Cbrowser is a graphical C/C++ source code searching and browsing tool, and a hierarchical function call viewer. Cbrowser is a front-end to the popular source code indexing and querying program cscope and the alternative cs, both free software. Author: Chris Felaco <cfelaco@users.sourceforge.net> Home Page: http://cbrowser.sourceforge.net/ From Debian 3.0r0 APT

cc

GNU project C and C++ Compiler (gcc-2.95) From whatis

ccache

Compiler results cacher, for fast recompiles. ccache is a compiler cache. It speeds up re-compilation of C/C++ code by caching previous compiles and detecting when the same compile is being done again. This is similar (but faster) than the compilercache package. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

ccal

Colorised calendar utility CCAL is a drop in replacement for the standard unix calendar program. It includes support for color and daily, weekly, and yearly reminders/appointments. This release contains bug fixes and new features including support for reading "reminder" data files. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

cccd

A small GTK+ CD player program cccd is a small GTK+ CD player program with many features: * Works with SCSI devices * CDDB lookups (local and remote) and local storing * Uses very little screen space * Handles CD Extras (mixed mode CDs) From Debian 3.0r0 APT

cce

Console Chinese Environment - display Chinese (GB) on console CCE is a Console Chinese Environment like WZCE, yact & chdrv that lets you display and input Chinese (GB) at the console. Input methods include PinYin, WuBi, ShuangPin and ZiranMa. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

ccmakedep

create dependencies in makefiles using a C compiler From whatis

ccmalloc

A memory profiler/debugger This is a memory profiling package. It can be used to debug various memory allocation problems, including: o memory leaks o multiple deallocation of the same data o under writes and over writes o writes to already deallocated data From Debian 3.0r0 APT

ccmtcnvt

convert C++ comments to C comments From whatis

cd

change directory - ; cd .. moves you backwards to the next higher subdirectory level; cd / moves you to the highest directory level. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux

cd tilde

/C-D til-d*/ vi. To go home. From the Unix C-shell and Korn-shell command cd ~, which takes one to one's $HOME (cd with no arguments happens to do the same thing). By extension, may be used with other arguments; thus, over an electronic chat link, cd ~coffee would mean "I'm going to the coffee machine." From Jargon Dictionary

cd-circleprint

prints round shaped cd-labels a program to create round shaped cd-labels written in perl, using perl-tk as frontend. It has four lines of nice round shaped text for each label, additional four fields with normal text, choosable text-size, font colour, background colour and background images. You can squeeze the whole page if your printer doesn't generate correct circles and you can move the circle on the sheet. The output is postscript so it should be usable on any system. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

cd-discid

CDDB DiscID utility cd-discid is a backend utility to get CDDB discid information from a CD-ROM disc. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

cdable_vars

If this is set, an argument to the cd builtin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable whose value is the directory to change to. From Rute-Users-Guide

cdadd

play and catalog audio CDROMs on CDROM drive(s) From whatis

cdbackup

CD-R(W) backup utility cdbackup and cdrestore are a pair of utilities designed to facilitiate streaming backup to and from CD-R(W) disks. Specificially, they were designed to work with dump/restore, but tar/cpio/whatever you want should work, so long as it writes to stdout for backups and reads from stdin for restores. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

cdbakeoven

common GUI for writing CDs under KDE CD Bake Oven (CDBO) is a graphical CD-creation/copying tool designed which aims to combine the power and stability of great command line utilities with a contemporary, easy-to-use user interface. CDBO enables you to create data or music CDs in the most intuitive matter, while enabling you to control every aspect of the process. It is built on top of very well known cdrecord, mkisofs, cdda2wav and cdparanoia, encapsulating most of the options those utilities provide. This makes creating professional quality media as easy as making a few mouse clicks. Features include: o creating custom CDs by drag'n'drop'ing files from Konqueror or CDBO into the compilation list and clicking 'Create' o auto-detection of CD writers, supplemented by a Custom Devices Dialog for simple custom device configuration o a fully customize CD creation/duplication/erasing process (the CDBO Settings Dialog is split into convenient sections, such as o Audio CD copy, ISO Image creation, CDBO defaults, etc.) o a number of other features, such as: the ability to listen to o audio CDs while copying; ISO image creation; ISO image preview; Burn-At-Once support; BurnProf support (must be supported by the (hardware); bootable (El Torito) CD creation; and multiplatform CD creation. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

cdcd

command line or console based CD player cdcd works in two ways, accepting commands directly off the command line or in a query mode similar to other UNIX programs. To pass a command to cdcd, simply run cdcd with the command as the argument (e.g. cdcd play). This is great for using cron and cdcd together to make a CD alarm clock. Or you can run cdcd without arguments and you will be given the cdcd command prompt. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

cdcontrol

A parallel burner that allow you to write to one or more CD-Writter at once CDcontrol is a parallel CD burner program. It's allow you write to a unlimited number or CD writers (IDE and SCSI) at once time. The CDcontrol is the first burning system of that type that I know for *nix operating system and it's all under GPL license. Some of it's features are better than commercial systems that I've hear about (and fully support CD images and all data type supported by cdrecord program), one of these features is the separated control of each recorder once the recording is started (avoid problems due a fail or speed problem in other writers). The CDcontrol itself has a daily production report for each writter and fails of writting, in cases of more serious errors, a technical report is also written (it's content is a full cdrecord output for that writter, plus the time when it happens). Other interesting feature is the automatic calculation of copies, enabling only the writers requested to complete the number and skipping all that are disabled. The CDcontrol come with the following tools: cd-memoria - Read the CD image and write it on the permanent memory (HD, Raid, CDRW, etc). memoria-cd - Read the CD image and write it on all writers. apagar-cdcontrol - Delete a CD image from permanent memory config-cdcontrol - Allow you to manually enable/disable one or more writers. rel-cdcontrol - Allow you to read the success/fail reports of each day (the technician report is found at the subdirectory $LOG_DIR/tec and should be read as any text file in the system). From Debian 3.0r0 APT

cdcover

Creating Data-CD Covers cdcover is a little commandline tool which creates user-defined data-cd covers. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

cdctrl

command line CDROM control From whatis

cdda2wav

Cdda2wav is a sampling utility for CD-ROM drives that is capable of providing CD audio data in digital form to your host. Audio data read from the CD can be saved as .wav or .sun format sound files. Recording formats include stereo/mono, 8/12/16 bits, and different rates. Cdda2wav can also be used as a CD player. From Redhat 8.0 RPM

cdda2wav

Creates WAV files from audio CDs cdda2wav lets you digitally copy audio tracks from a CD-ROM, avoiding the distortion that is introduced when recording via a sound card. Data can be dumped into wav or sun format sound files. Options control the recording format (stereo/mono; 8/16 bits; sampling rate, etc). From Debian 3.0r0 APT

cddb

CD DataBase support tools This package provides a location for programs to store files from the CDDB in and contains a simple program to query CDDB servers. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

cdebconf

Debian Configuration Management System (C-implementation) Debconf is a configuration management system for Debian packages. It is used by some packages to prompt you for information before they are installed. This is a reimplementation of the original debconf version in C. Installing this package is rather dangerous now. It will break debconf. You have been warned! From Debian 3.0r0 APT

cdecl

Turn english phrases to C or C++ declarations Cdecl is a program which will turn English-like phrases such as "declare foo as array 5 of pointer to function returning int" into C declarations such as "int (*foo[5])()". It can also translate the C into the pseudo- English. And it handles typecasts, too. Plus C++. And in this version it has command line editing and history with the GNU readline library. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

cdeject

play and catalog audio CDROMs on CDROM drive(s) From whatis

cdfs-src

shows the tracks on a CD as normal files CDfs is a file system for Linux systems that `exports' all tracks and boot images on a CD as normal files. These files can then be mounted (e.g. for ISO and boot images), copied, played (WAVE audio and VideoCD tracks)... The primary goal for developing this file system was to `unlock' information in old ISO images. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

cdialog

Dialog is a utility that allows you to show dialog boxes (containing questions or messages) in TTY (text mode) interfaces. Dialog is called from within a shell script. The following dialog boxes are implemented: yes/no, menu, input, message, text, info, checklist, radiolist, and gauge. Install dialog if you would like to create TTY dialog boxes. From Mandrake 9.0 RPM

cdindex-client

cdindex is intended to be the open source replacement of cddb(tm) cdindex is a system that allows the web based submission of title, artist information of CDs and the retrieval. It is completely web based (cgi / html / xml) and uses a web browser for submission / retrieval. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

cdinfo

play and catalog audio CDROMs on CDROM drive(s) From whatis

cdir

play and catalog audio CDROMs on CDROM drive(s) From whatis

cdlabelgen

generates front cards and tray cards for CDs cdlabelgen was designed to simplify the process of generating labels for CDs. It originated as a program to allow auto generation of front cards and tray cards for CDs burned via an automated mechanism (specifically for archiving data), but has now become popular for labelling CD compilations of mp3's, and copies of CDs. Note that cdlabelgen does not actually print anything--it just spits out postscript, which you can then do with as you please. Author: B. W. Fitzpatrick <fitz@red-bean.com> Homepage: http://www.red-bean.com/~bwf/software/cdlabelgen/ From Debian 3.0r0 APT

cdloop

Restart a CD when it ceases playing From whatis

cdown

query cddb database for info on a disc From whatis

cdp

Cdp is a program for playing CDs on the Linux console. Cdp includes a full-screen ncurses mode and a command line mode for scripts. From Redhat 8.0 RPM

cdparanoia

An audio extraction tool for sampling CDs. Unlike similar programs such as cdda2wav, cdparanoia goes to great lengths to try to extract the audio information without any artifacts such as jitter. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

cdparanoia

This CDDA reader distribution ('cdparanoia') reads audio from the CDROM directly as data, with no analog step between, and writes the data to a fileor pipe as .wav, .aifc or as raw 16 bit linear PCM. cdparanoia is a complete rewrite of Heiko Eissfeldt's 'cdda2wav' program, and generally is much better at succeeding to read difficult discs with cheap drives. From Mandrake 9.0 RPM

cdpause

play and catalog audio CDROMs on CDROM drive(s) From whatis

cdplay

play and catalog audio CDROMs on CDROM drive(s) From whatis

cdrdao

Cdrdao records audio CD-Rs in disk-at-once (DAO) mode, based on a textual description of the CD contents. Recording in DAO mode writes the complete disc (lead-in, one or more tracks, and lead-out) in a single step. DAO allows full control over the length and the contents of pre-gaps, the pause areas between tracks. From Redhat 8.0 RPM

cdrdao

Write audio or mixed mode CD-Rs in disk-at-once mode cdrdao creates audio or mixed mode CD-Rs in disk-at-once (DAO) mode driven by a description file. In DAO mode it is possible to create non standard track pre-gaps that have other lengths than 2 seconds and contain nonzero audio data. This is for example useful to divide live recordings into tracks where 2 second gaps would be irritating. It is also possible to create hidden tracks or track intros as found on commercial CDs. This tool can produce audio and mixed mode CDs. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

cdrdao

Writes audio CD-Rs in disc-at-once (DAO) mode allowing control over pre-gaps (length down to 0, nonzero audiodata) and sub-channel information like ISRC codes. Alldata that is written to the disc must be specified witha text file. Audio data may be in WAVE or raw format. From Mandrake 9.0 RPM

cdrecord

A command line CD/DVD writing tool cdrecord allows you to create CDs on a CD recorder (SCSI or ATAPI). It supports writing data, audio, mixed, multi-session, and CD+ and DVD discs, on just about every type of CD recorder out there. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

cdreset

play and catalog audio CDROMs on CDROM drive(s) From whatis

cdrtoaster

Tcl/Tk front-end for burning cdrom. CDR-Toaster is a Tcl/Tk front-end for cdrecord, cdparanoia and mkisofs. It is very userful for burning data and audio cdrom. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

cdshuffle

play and catalog audio CDROMs on CDROM drive(s) From whatis

cdtool

play and catalog audio CDROMs on CDROM drive(s) From whatis

cdtool

some text-based commands for managing a CD cdtool contains cdplay, cdeject, cdstop, cdpause, and several other utilities that let you control your CD-ROM drive from a command line. Also, it comes with cdir, a utility that uses a workman-style database to keep track of the contents of different CDs. It now includes a commandline utility for controlling a CD-ROM called cdctrl. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

cdvolume

play and catalog audio CDROMs on CDROM drive(s) From whatis

celestia

A real-time visual space simulation Celestia is a real-time visual simulation of space. Choose a point within the Local Group of galaxies, and Celestia will show you an approximation of how it would appear to your eyes were you actually there. Some of what Celestia shows is necessarily hypothetical--the farther away from Earth you get, the less real data there is and the more guesswork is involved. Thus Celestia supplements observational data with good guesses based on models of stellar and planetary processes. Celestia is unique in its ability to allow you to navigate at an immense range of scales. Orbit a couple kilometers above the surface of a tiny, irregular asteroid, then head off toward Jupiter, watching it grow from a bright point of light into a looming sphere filling your field of vision. Leave our solar system entirely and observe the sun as it fades from a brilliant disk to a bright star, disappearing almost entirely as you head off toward the Upsilon Andromeda system to orbit around its innermost giant planet. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

centericq

A text-mode ICQ client based on ncurses Centericq is a text mode menu- and window-driven IM interface. ICQ, Yahoo! and MSN protocols are now supported. It allows you to send, receive, and forward messages, URLs, SMSes and, contacts, mass message send, search for users (including extended "whitepages search"), view users' details, maintain your contact list directly from the program (including non-icq contacts), view the messages history, register a new UIN and update your details, be informed on receiving email messages, automatically set away after the defined period of inactivity (on any console), and have your own ignore, visible and invisible lists. It can also associate events with sounds, has support for Hebrew and Arabic languages and allows to arrange contacts into groups. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

cern-httpd

The CERN HTTP (World-Wide Web) server The CERN HTTP daemon allows you to run an HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) server on your computer. HTTP is the main transport protocol used in the World Wide Web. Unless you wish only to serve files to users of your system, you must be hooked up to a TCP/IP network. This HTTP server is fairly outdated, and no longer maintained upstream. It does serve as a fairly nice local server, though. CERN ACKNOWLEDGMENT: This product includes computer software created and made available by CERN. This acknowledgment shall be mentioned in full in any product which includes the CERN computer software included herein or parts thereof. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

cervisia

KDE based CVS frontend Cervisia is a graphical frontend for the CVS client. It provides access to the following features: * Updating or retrieving the status of a working directory or single files. * Files are displayed in different colors depending on their status, and the shown files can be filtered according to their status. * Common operations like adding, removing and commiting files. * Advanced operations like adding and removing watches, editing and unediting files, locking and unlocking. * Checking out and importing modules. * Graphical diff against the repository and between different revisions. * Blame-annotated view of a file. * View of the log messages in tree and list form. * Resolving of conflicts in a file. * Tagging and branching. * Updating to a tag, branch or date. * A Changelog editor coupled with the commit dialog. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

cfdisk

Curses based disk partition table manipulator for Linux From whatis

cfdisk-utf8

A small UTF8 capable version of cfdisk This package contains the cfdisk program linked against the UTF8 libraries. Do not install it unless you really need a fdisk programs which needs to handle with UTF8, or unless you need if for a small Linux root filesystem like this on the boot-floppies. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

cfe

Console Font Editor cfe is a console font editor which works well both on the console and the terminal. It includes such abilities as various glyph transforming, multi-level undo, and comparing the glyphs of two fonts. cfe automatically supports loading of .psf and raw binary fonts. Other types of fonts can be opened using the proper options. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

cfengine

Tool for configuring and maintaining network machines The main purpose of cfengine is to allow the system administrator to create a single central file which will define how every host on a network should be configured. cfengine is also useful as an interpreter for a general scripting language for ordinary users. It is handy for tidying up junk files and for maintaining `watchdog' scripts to manage access rights and permissions on files when collaborating with other users. It takes a while to set up cfengine for a network (especially an already existing network), but once that is done you will wonder how you ever lived without it! From Debian 3.0r0 APT

cfi

Copyright does not exist, book about hacker culture. Copyright does not exist: Book about hacker culture, folklore and history by Linus Walleij. This is a translation from the original Swedish text. In HTML format. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

cfingerd

Configurable finger daemon This is a free replacement for standard finger daemons such as GNU fingerd and MIT fingerd. Cfingerd can enable/disable finger service to individual users, rather than to all users on a given host. Cfingerd is able to respond to a finger request to a specified user by running a shell script (e.g., finger doorbell@mysite.mydomain might cause a sound file to be sent) rather than just a plain text file. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

cfitsio2

Shared library for I/O with FITS format data files FITS (Flexible Image Transport System) is a data format most used in astronomy. cfitsio is a library of ANSI C routines for reading and writing FITS format data files. A set of Fortran-callable wrapper routines are also included for the convenience of Fortran programmers. This package contains what you need to run programs that use this library. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

cflow

C function call hierarchy analyzer The cflow command reads the given program source and attempts to print a graph of the program's function call hierarchy to the standard output. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

cflow

print a function call hierarchy From whatis

cfs

Cryptographic Filesystem CFS pushes encryption services into the Unix(tm) file system. It supports secure storage at the system level through a standard Unix file system interface to encrypted files. Users associate a cryptographic key with the directories they wish to protect. Files in these directories (as well as their pathname components) are transparently encrypted and decrypted with the specified key without further user intervention. CFS employs a novel combination of DES stream and codebook cipher modes to provide high security with good performance on a modern workstation. CFS can use any available file system for its underlying storage without modification, including remote file servers such as NFS. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

cftp

A full-screen ftp client. Cftp is an ftp client where you just use the arrow keys to move around and get what you want. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

cfv

tests and creates .sfv, .csv and md5 files cfv is a utility to both test and create .sfv (Simple File Verify) .csv, and md5sum files. These files are commonly used to ensure the correct retrieval or storage of data. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

cgi-bin

The most common name of a directory on a web server in which CGIprograms are stored. From Matisse

cgiemail

CGI Form-to-Mail converter cgiemail is a flexible CGI-based tool that will allow non-programmers to create forms to be emailed. Note that it's no longer actively maintained upstream and has a history of security problems, so you may wish to use another package, such as mailto. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

cgilib

Simple CGI Library This library provides a simple programming API to the Common Gateway Interface (CGI). It features HTTP Redirect, provides read access to FORM variables, sets HTTP Cookies and reads them. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

cgiwrap

allows ordinary users to run their own CGI scripts a gateway that allows more secure user access to CGI programs on an HTTPd server than is provided by the http server itself. The primary function of CGIwrap is to make certain that any CGI script runs with the permissions of the user who installed it, and not those of the server. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

cgoban

Complete Go board Cgoban (Complete Goban) is a computerized board on which you can play the game of Go against another player, view and edit smart-go files, and connect to Go servers on the Internet. It can also interface with computer Go programs that speak Go modem protocol. You will need some sort of image converter if you wish to use the utility provided to capture "screen shots" of a cgoban game. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

cgvg

command-line source browsing tool. cgvg is a pair of Perl scripts ("cg" and "vg") which are meant to assist a programmer in doing command-line source browsing. The idea is you can easily search for keywords in the code, and jump to the file and line where a match is found. Used with ctags(1), this can really help with jumping around and following code. Some features include a human-readable output, coloring, bolding (and alternate bolding), and just sheer convenience for a programmer. cgvg uses the Perl internal find and does it's own searching, rather than being a wrapper for UNIX find(1) and grep(1). There is a ~/.cgvgrc file for per-user configuration, and some nice features like coloring, and multiple log files. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

chage

change user password expiry information From whatis

challenge (challenge-response)

A method to authenticate users that avoids sending passwords over the network. It goes something like this (though the details among various programs are different). the client requests access the server sends back random data the client then encrypts/hashes the data using the password the server checks the result In this manner, the client proves it knows the correct password without ever sending it across the wire. Key point: In most cases the user is prompted for the password, which the client then stores in memory. In the use of smart cards, however, the system may give the user the challenge string, which the user then types into the smart card. The smart card then produces a response, which the user must type back into the system. In this way, the user validates that they have the smart card. Key point: Challenge-response systems are thought to be more secure because the challenge/response is different every time. This guards against replay attacks as well as making cracking more difficult. From Hacking-Lexicon

chameleon

Application for putting pictures or color in the root window Using GTK and Imlib, Chameleon allows the use to place a picture in any format or a color chosen from a color wheel in the root window of X (the background). It also can be run from the command line w/o using the GTK interface. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

change-control

An important security practice where changes to the systems are reviewed ahead of time to validate they are appropriate, then recorded in order to "roll back" in case they introduce a fault. A common use for change-control is validating that a firewall's ruleset doesn't degrade. Change-control is also used for maintaining system patches. From Hacking-Lexicon

changeaudiocddev

change the /dev/cdrom link From whatis

changetrack

Monitor (and recover from) changes to configuration files A program to monitor changes to a set of files. If files are modified one day, and the machine starts working incorrectly some days later, changetrack can provide information on which files were modified, and help locate the problem. Changetrack will also allow recovery of the files from any stage using RCS. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

chaos

Replacement of Gnus with gnus-mime for SEMI. Chaos is the latest branch of normally Semi-gnus. Semi-gnus is a replacement of Gnus with gnus-mime for SEMI. It has all features of Gnus and gnus-mime, so there are no need to install Gnus to use it, and you must not use gnus-mime for SEMI. It requires SEMI package, so please get and install SEMI package before to install it. Chaos is one of Semi-gnus variants. Now, "Semi-gnus" is generic name of Gnus for SEMI. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

charset

Set an ACM for use in one of the G0/G1 charset slots. From whatis

chase

Follow a symlink and print out its target file Chase is a small utility for tracking down the actual file that a symbolic link points to - chasing the symlink, if you will. The result of a successful run is guaranteed to be an existing file which is not a symbolic link. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

chasen

a Japanese Morphological Analysis System ChaSen is a morphological analysys system. It can segment and tokenize Japanese text string, and can output with many additional informations (pronunciation, semantic information, and others). It will print the result of such an operation to the standard output, so that it can either written to a file or further processed. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

chastity-list

blacklists for SquidGuard squidGuard is a free (GPL), flexible and ultra fast filter, redirector and access controller plugin for squid. It lets you define multiple access rules with different restrictions for different user groups on a squid cache. squidGuard uses squid's standard redirector interface. This package contains blacklists provided by the Chastity project. Chastity intends to make a maintained ACL-list for squid for use in public schools and other organizations. The projects is divided into a web-based adminstration tool, datastorage and client-tools. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

chat

Online, realtime chatting is one of the more popular features of the Internet. There are many popular systems. Among the hacking community, services like IRC and ICQ are popular. Some popular commercial services include Yahoo messenger, AOL Instant Messenger (AIM), and Microsoft Messenger. Key point: Favorite because it provides real-time anonymous communication. From Hacking-Lexicon

chattr

change file attributes on a Linux second extended file system From whatis

chbg

A tool for changing the desktop background image in X11 A GTK+ based program that lets you periodically change your X desktop. It has several random effects, a slideshow, and and may act as a xscreensaver hack or as a standalone screensaver. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

chbg

ChBg is for changing desktop backgrounds in a given period. It can render images with 10 modes (such as tiled, centered, scaled, etc.). It uses Imlib1, Imlib2, or gdk_pixbuf for loading images, so it supports many image formats. This version uses gdk-pixbuf. ChBg has a windowed setup program, is able to load setup files, can be used as slideshow picture previewer in its own window or as adesktop background, and can be used as screensaver or as an xscreensaverhack. It has a dialog for fast previewing of pictures and very usablethumbnail previews. From Mandrake 9.0 RPM

chdrvfont

Kuo Chiao 16x16 font for CHDRV Chinese console terminal This package contains the Kuo Chiao 16x16 Chinese bitmap font and the corresponding 8x16 ASCII font files (kcchin16.f00 and kctext16.f00) for the CHDRV Chinese console terminal for Linux. These fonts were part of the Kuo Chiao Chinese System generously donated to the Taiwan Academic Network (TANet). To the best of my knowledge, these fonts have since been widely distributed all over the world and are now in the public domain. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

check

A unit test framework for C Check features a simple interface for defining unit tests, putting little in the way of the developer. Tests are run in a separate address space, so Check can catch both assertion failures and code errors that cause segmentation faults or other signals. The output from unit tests can be used within source code editors and IDEs. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

checkbot

a WWW link verifier Checkbot is a perl5 script which can verify links within a region of the World Wide Web. It checks all pages within an identified region, and all links within that region. After checking all links within the region, it will also check all links which point outside of the region, and then stop. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

checkmp3

identify MP3s that do not follow the MP3 format mp3_check helps to identify in explicit detail MP3s that do not correctly follow the MP3 format. It also looks for invalid frame headers, missing frames, etc., and generates useful statistics. This can be useful when building a high-quality mp3 archive... From Debian 3.0r0 APT

checksecurity

check for changes to setuid programs From whatis

checkservice

Checks the status of services on (remote) hosts Checkservice is a simple and fast service checking perl script. It is able to show the results in many ways: by keeping logs, showing it on the PHP status page, output that MRTG can use or warning(plugins) if something is wrong. Checkservice features grouping of hosts, very easy configuration and thorough service checking using checkplugins. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

checksum

A number computed by adding together all the characters from an entire file in a special mathematical way. It is useful for ensuring a file has been transferred correctly. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux

checksum

A technique for detecting if data inadvertently changes during transmission. The sender simply divides all the data up into two-character numbers, then adds all the numbers together. The receiver makes the same calculation, and checks the calculated checksum with the transmitted checksum. If they don't match, then the receiver knows the data was corrupted in transit. Key point: Checksums are not secure against intentional changes by hackers. For that, you need a cryptographic hash. From Hacking-Lexicon

cheesetracker

Sound Module Tracking Program (IT - Impulse Tracker Clone) This program is used to create what is called 'Sound Modules', files containing samples of, for instance, piano's and guitars, and a couple of play-patterns with notes, durations and effects. If these patterns are sequenced, a melody will play according to the notes and instruments you set in the pattern. This program is a direct clone of the MSDOS program called Impulse Tracker. It's not hard to learn, and very funny to play around with. This version is only capable of loading .IT type files (the original Impulse Tracker format). To start and find some cool pre-made tunes go to ftp://ftp.scene.org/pub/music/. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

chemtool

GTK-based chemical structures drawing program Chemtool is a GTK+ based 2D chemical structure editor for X11. It supports many bond styles, most forms of text needed for chemical typesetting and splines/arcs/curved arrows. Drawings can be exported to MOL and PDB format, SVG or XFig format for further annotation, as a PiCTeX drawing, as a bitmap or as Postscript files (several of these through XFig's companion program transfig). The package also contains a helper program, cht, to calculate sum formula and (exact) molecular weight from a chemtool drawing file. Cht can either be called directly by Chemtool or on the console. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

cheops

Network swiss army knife Cheops is a combination of a variety of network tools to provide system adminstrators and users with a simple interface to managing and accessing their networks. Cheops aims to do for the network what the file manager did for the filesystem. Additionally, cheops has taken on the role of a network management system, in the same category as one might put HP Openview. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

chfn

change user name and information From whatis

chgrp

Changes the group ownership of each given file to group, which can be either a group name or a numeric group ID. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux

chicken

A simple Scheme-to-C compiler Why CHICKEN? - R5RS support. - SRFIs 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 16, 18, 22 and 23 - Syntax-case highlevel macros - Lightweight threads based on first-class continuations - Pattern matching with Andrew Wright's match package - Record structures - A simple and straightforward module system - An object system with multiple inheritance, multimethods and a meta-object protocol - Separated compilation poses no problem and full tail-recursion and first-class continuations are suported. - Extended comment- and string-literal syntaxes - Libraries for regular expressions, string handling, Common LISP style format, UNIX system calls and extended data structures - Create interpreted or compiled shell scripts written in Scheme - Compiled C files can be easily distributed - Generates quite portable C code and compiled files generated by it (including itself) should work without any change on DOS, Windows, most UNIX-like platforms, and with minor changes on other systems. - Linkage to C modules and C library functions is straightforward. Compiled programs can easily be embedded into existing C code. - Simple. It can be used as a pedagogical tool for anybody who is interested in the workings of a compiler. - Extendable, since its code generation scheme, runtime system, and garbage collector fit neatly into a C environment. - Offers better performance than nearly all interpreter based implementations, but still provides full Scheme semantics. - Probably is the first implementation of Scheme that uses Henry Baker's [Cheney on the M.T.A] concept. Usually, you will also need to install the chicken-dev package. The source files are not included since you could easily get them with the Debian source package. If you really feel the needs to get them under /usr/share/chicken/src, then please let me know. There are many Scheme implementations available in Debian, have a look at each of them! Have fun! From Debian 3.0r0 APT

child process

A process created by another process (the parent process). Each process may create many child processes but will have only one parent process, except for the very first process which has no parent. The first process, called init in Linux, is started by the kernel at boot time and never terminates. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux

chilight

highlight a C source file From whatis

chill

The GNU CHILL compiler. This is the ITU CHILL compiler. CHILL is the "CCITT High-Level Language", where CCITT is the old name for what is now ITU, the International Telecommunications Union. It is a language in the Modula-2 family, and targets many of the same applications as Ada (especially large embedded systems). CHILL was never used much in the United States, but is still being used in Europe, Brazil, Korea, and other places. This is a dependency package providing the default GNU CHILL compiler for Debian GNU/Linux systems (version 2.95.4 for architecture i386). From Debian 3.0r0 APT

chimera2

Web browser for X Simple, fast, free web browser. This is an alpha-test version; some of the rendering routines are buggy. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

chipmunk

a circuit schematic capture tool and simulation environment. A circuit schematic capture tool and simulation environment. Log is a large circuit editing and simulation system. It has facilities for digital simulation (the original LOG), analog simulation (AnaLOG), network generation (LOGNTK), and plotting (LPLOT). Log is the most popular Chipmunk tool. This package contains analog, diglog and loged. For more information, please see the docs contained in log-doc package. Log needs the p-system emulation runtime libraries for Chipmunk tools to work, which are included in psys packages. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

chkconfig

Chkconfig is a basic system utility. It updates and queries runlevelinformation for system services. Chkconfig manipulates the numerous symbolic links in /etc/rc*.d, to relieve system administrators of some of the drudgery of manually editing the symbolic links. From Mandrake 9.0 RPM

chkdupexe

find duplicate executables From whatis

chkfontpath

This is a simple terminal mode program for configuring the directories in the X font server's path. It is mostly intended to be used `internally' by RPM when packages with fonts are added or removed, butit may be useful as a stand-alone utility in some instances. From Mandrake 9.0 RPM

chkfontpath

This is a simple terminal mode program for configuring the directories in the X font server's path. It is mostly intended to be used internally by RPM when packages with fonts are added or removed, butit may be useful as a standalone utility in some instances. From Redhat 8.0 RPM

chkmail

check for new mail From whatis

chkrootkit

Checks for signs of rootkits on the local system chkrootkit identifies whether the target computer is infected with a rootkit. Some of the rootkits that chkrootkit identifies are: 1. lrk3, lrk4, lrk5, lrk6 (and some variants); 2. Solaris rootkit; 3. FreeBSD rootkit; 4. t0rn (including latest variant); 5. Ambient's Rootkit for Linux (ARK); 6. Ramen Worm; 7. rh[67]-shaper; 8. RSHA; 9. Romanian rootkit; 10. RK17; 11. Lion Worm; 12. Adore Worm. Please note that this is not a definitive test, it does not ensure that the target has not been cracked. In addition to running chkrootkit, one should perform more specific tests. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

chktex

Finds typographic errors in LaTeX * Supports over 40 warnings. * Supports ``\input'' command; both TeX and LaTeX version. Actually includes the files. ``TEXINPUTS''-equivalent search path. * Intelligent warning/error handling. The user may promote/mute warnings to suit his preferences. You may also mute warnings in the header of a file; thus killing much unwanted garbage. * Supports both LaTeX 2.09 and LaTeX2e. * Flexible output handling. Has some predefined formats and lets the user specify his own format. Uses a ``printf()'' similar syntax. ``lacheck'' compatible mode included for interfacing with the AUC-TeX Emacs mode. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

chktri

check for trigraphs in C source code From whatis

chmod

changes the permissions for a file; permissions should include a letter designating who gets permissions (u for the user, g for the group, o for others, or a for all) followed by a + or - (to give or take away the permission) followed by the kind of permission (r for read access, w for write access, x for execute if the file is a program or script). From Linux Guide @FirstLinux

chos

Easy Boot loader with a Boot-Menu Easy to use Boot-Loader for Linux / DOS / other Operating systems. It works like lilo but offers a simple menu on boot. No strange prompt anymore! Background images and more! Includes X interface to configure the boot screen and all parameters From Debian 3.0r0 APT

chown

changes the user and/or group ownership of each given file as specified by the first non-option argument as follows. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux

chpasswd

update password file in batch From whatis

chpp

A powerful and simple preprocessor CHPP is a powerful preprocessor originally designed for, but not limited to, HTML. CHPP combines features of CPP, M4, Perl and Scheme. Among the features of CHPP are - CHPP is non-intrusive, i.e. you can take already existing text and just pipe it through CHPP and it is likely it won't change. - User-defined macros, which can be recursive - Complex data structures (lists and hashes) - Powerful looping constructs - Regular expression matching - Support for CGI scripting - An interface to SQL-Servers (at the moment mSQL and MySQL). From Debian 3.0r0 APT

chromium

Slick scrolling space shooter Chromium is a top down fast paced high action scrolling space shooter using sdl libs. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

chromium

You are captain of the cargo ship Chromium B.S.U., responsible for delivering supplies to our troops on the front line. Your ship has a small fleet of robotic fighters which you control from the relative safety of the Chromium vessel.- Do not let ANY enemy ships get past your fighters! Each enemyship that makes it past the bottom of the screen will attackthe Chromium, and you lose a fighter.- Use your fighters as weapons! Crash into enemies to destroy thembefore they can get past you.- Strategic suicide is a powerful tactic! When the Chromium launches a new fighter, it releases a high energy burst which destroys all enemies in range.- Self-destruct to preserve your ammunition! A double-right-click will cause your current fighter to self-destruct. Before theship blows up, it ejects its ammunition so that the next fighter can pick it up. From Redhat 8.0 RPM

chrony

It sets your computer's clock from time servers on the Net. It consists of a pair of programs : `chronyd'. This is a daemon which runs in background on the system. It obtains measurements (e.g. via the network) of the system's offset relative to other systems, and adjusts the system time accordingly. For isolated systems, the user can periodically enter the correct time by hand (using `chronyc'). In either case, `chronyd' determines the rate at which the computer gains or loses time, and compensates for this. `chronyc'. This is a command-line driven control and monitoring program. An administrator can use this to fine-tune various parameters within the daemon, add or delete servers etc whilst the daemon is running. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

chroot

Makes the root directory (/) become something other than its default for the lifetime of the current process. It can only be run by privileged users and is used to give a process (commonly a network server such as FTP or HTTP) access to a restricted portion of the file system. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux

chroot (jail)

A UNIX feature that creates a limited sandbox allowing a process to view only a single subtree of the filesystem. The jail call in BSD is a more advanced version for creating the same sort of sandbox. Point: In order for it to work properly, some common programs and libraries (e.g. /bin/sh, /usr/lib/libc.so.1, ...) need to be copied/linked to the appropriate locations in the new directory tree. Key point: A process running with root access can break out of a chrooted environment. Therefore, it should be used in conjunction with setuid. From Hacking-Lexicon

chrpath

Tool to edit the rpath in ELF binaries rpath allows you to change the rpath (where the application looks for libraries) in an application. It does not (yet) allow you to add an rpath if there isn't one already. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

chsh

change login shell From whatis

chvt

change foreground virtual terminal From whatis

ci

check in RCS revisions From whatis

cil

Chess In Lisp. A library for cmucl. This library is mainly intended as an example file. Not much useful stuff can be done yet. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

cim

GNU Simula compiler GNU Cim is a compiler for the programming language Simula (except unspecified parameters to formal or virtual procedures (see the documentation for how portable code for formal procedures can be written)). It offers a class concept, separate compilation with full type checking, interface to external C routines, an application package for process simulation and a coroutine concept. The portability of the GNU Simula Compiler is based on the C programming language. The compiler and the run-time system is written in C, and the compiler produces C code, that is passed to a C compiler for further processing towards machine code. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

cipher (decipher)

In cryptography, the word cipher means an encryption algorithm. A cipher transforms the original data/message into pseudo-random data/message of the same length. In order to decipher the message, a reverse transformation must be applied. Key point: A block cipher is one that encrypts a block of data at a time. For example, DES uses a block size of 64-bits. Each input block must correspond to exactly one output block (like a codebook). A block-cipher suffers from the fact the same data repeated in a message would be encoded in the same way. Consider a block size of 8-bit encrypting English text; you could therefore figure out all the letter 'e's in the cipher text because they are the most common letter used. Therefore, block-ciphers are often used in a chaining mode such that the same pattern will indeed be decrypted differently. Key point: A stream cipher is essentially a chained block cipher with a block size of 1 (either 1-bit or 1-byte). It generates a keystream against which it XORs the plaintext, operating much like a one-time pad, though less secure in theory but more secure in practice. Example: Some popular ciphers are: DES The original widely-used computer-based encryption cipher that spawned the industry, but easily crackable today. triple DES A more secure form of DES whereby data is simply encrypted three different times. RC4 One of the most widely used ciphers today because of its prevalent use within web browsers and SSL. RC2 A cipher similar to RC4. IDEA Gained popularity because it was used as the default cipher for PGP. Blowfish Popular cipher because of its open source and non-patented status. CAST-128 Alternate cipher in PGP. Skipjack Controversal cipher designed for the Clipper chip, a government program to encourage key recovery for law enforcement. GOST 28147 Russian standard with 256-bit key. AES The new American standard for replacing DES. From Hacking-Lexicon

ciphertext

In cryptography, ciphertext describes the data after it has been encrypted. Contrast: clear-text, plaintext. From Hacking-Lexicon

circlepack

creation and display of circle packings CirclePack is a C program for the creation, display, manipulation, and storage of circle packings using the X Window System. Computations may be done in either hyperbolic, Euclidean, or spherical geometry, though the routines for the latter are not yet complete. For the theory behind the package, one must consult the research literature. One of the author's primary interests concerns the parallels between the developing theory of circle packings and the classical theory of analytic functions. Home page: http://www.math.utk.edu/~kens/ From Debian 3.0r0 APT

circuslinux

The clowns are trying to pop balloons to score points! "Circus Linux!" is based on the Atari 2600 game "Circus Atari" by Atari, released in 1980. Gameplay is similar to "Breakout" and "Arkanoid" - you slide a device left and right to bounce objects into the air which destroy a wall. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

cjk-latex

A LaTeX macro package for CJK (Chinese/Japanese/Korean) CJK is a macro package for LaTeX to enable typesetting Chinese, Japanese, and Korean. It supports (even simultaneously) various CJK encodings, e.g. Big5, GB, JIS, KS, CNS. Please also install: * freetype1-tools to use TrueType fonts with CJK (ttf2pk and ttf2tfm). * tfm-arphic-* for DFSG-free Chinese TrueType fonts donated by Arphic. tfm-arphic-bsmi00lp and tfm-arphic-bkai00mp for Big5 Ming and Kai fonts; tfm-arphic-gbsn00lp and tfm-arphic-gkai00mp for GB Sung and Kai fonts. Main Author: Werner Lemberg <wl@gnu.org> From Debian 3.0r0 APT

cksfv

sfv checker and generator SFV, Simple File Verification, uses crc32 checksums to verify that files are intact. cksfv automates the task of generating and checking .sfv sheets. For integrity, md5 checksums are probably a better alternative, but sfv is a widely used method for verification on the USENET binary newsgroups and other places. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

cksum

checksum and count the bytes in a file From whatis

clanbomber

Bomberman like game Blow up your friends and avoid being blown up yourself. Features include: * Nice graphics and sound * Powerups * Up to 8 players * Computer controlled players From Debian 3.0r0 APT

clanlib

Core runtime libraries for the ClanLib game SDK ClanLib delivers a platform independent interface to write games with. If a game is written with ClanLib, it should be possible to compile the game under any platform (supported by ClanLib, that is) without changing the application source code. But ClanLib is not just a wrapper library, providing an common interface to low-level libraries such as DirectFB, DirectX, OpenGL, X11, etc. While platform independence is ClanLib's primary goal, it also tries to be a service-minded game sdk. In other words, we have put great effort in to designing the API, to ensure ClanLib's easy of use - while maintaining it's power. This package provides the core clanlib libraries (layer1, layer2, etc). From Debian 3.0r0 APT

clara

Free OCR program for Unix Systems Clara OCR is a free (GPL) OCR for systems that support the C library and the X window system (e.g. most flavours of Unix). Clara OCR is intended for large scale digitalization projects. It features a powerful GUI and a web interface for cooperative digitalization of books. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

clc-intercal

Compiler for the INTERCAL language This package provides a Perl-based compiler for the INTERCAL programming language, usable either from the command line or as a Perl module. CLC-INTERCAL is designed to be almost compatible with the original (Princeton 1972) compiler. It also implements several extensions to the original language, including support for object orientation, operator overloading and quantum computing. The non-binary base extensions supported by the C-INTERCAL compiler are not yet implemented. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

cle

Wrap any command-line driven tool with readline This handy tool lets you use history and line-editing in any text oriented tool. This is especially usefully with third-party commercial tools that cannot be modified to use readline themselves. It's not perfect but it works pretty well. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

cleanlinks

remove dangling symbolic links and empty directories From whatis

cleanup-info

clean up the mess that bogus install-info may have done From whatis

clear

clear the terminal screen From whatis

clear-text

In cryptography, the term clear-text describes messages that have not been encrypted. The word has the connotation of data that should be encrypted, but isn't (such as clear-text passwords). Misunderstanding: The word text comes from traditional cryptography that meant the text of messages, though these days text can refer to binary computer data as well. From Hacking-Lexicon

client

A machine that requests resources from other machines (servers). A client application, e.g. the popular email client elm, is a program that makes requests on other applications for information. From