2.9 Post-installation

2.9.1 Network DeviceConfiguration

If you previously configured PPP for an FTP install, this screen will not display andcan be configured later as described above.

For detailed information on Local Area Networks and configuring FreeBSD as agateway/router refer to the Advanced Networkingchapter.

                      User Confirmation Requested    Would you like to configure any Ethernet or SLIP/PPP network devices?                             [ Yes ]   No

To configure a network device, select [ Yes ] and pressEnter. Otherwise, select [ No ] tocontinue.

Select the interface to be configured with the arrow keys and press Enter.

                      User Confirmation Requested        Do you want to try IPv6 configuration of the interface?                              Yes   [ No ]

In this private local area network, the current Internet type protocol (IPv4) was sufficient and [ No ]was selected with the arrow keys and Enter pressed.

If you are connected to an existing IPv6 networkwith an RA server, then choose [ Yes ] and press Enter. It will takeseveral seconds to scan for RA servers.

                             User Confirmation Requested         Do you want to try DHCP configuration of the interface?                              Yes   [ No ]

If DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is not required select [ No ] with the arrow keys and press Enter.

Selecting [ Yes ] will execute dhclient, and if successful, will fill in the networkconfiguration information automatically. Refer to Section20.10 for more information.

The following Network Configuration screen shows the configuration of the Ethernetdevice for a system that will act as the gateway for a Local Area Network.

Use Tab to select the information fields and fill in appropriateinformation:

Use Tab to select [ OK ] when finished and press Enter.

                      User Confirmation Requested         Would you like to Bring Up the ed0 interface right now?                             [ Yes ]   No

Choosing [ Yes ] and pressing Enter will bring the machine up on the network and be ready for use.However, this does not accomplish much during installation, since the machine still needsto be rebooted.

2.9.2 Configure Gateway

                       User Confirmation Requested        Do you want this machine to function as a network gateway?                              [ Yes ]    No

If the machine will be acting as the gateway for a local area network and forwardingpackets between other machines then select [ Yes ] andpress Enter. If the machine is a node on a network then select[ No ] and press Enter tocontinue.

2.9.3 Configure InternetServices

                      User Confirmation RequestedDo you want to configure inetd and the network services that it provides?                               Yes   [ No ]

If [ No ] is selected, various services such telnetd will not be enabled. This means that remote users willnot be able to telnet into this machine. Local users will bestill be able to access remote machines with telnet.

These services can be enabled after installation by editing /etc/inetd.conf with your favorite text editor. See Section 20.14.1 for moreinformation.

Select [ Yes ] if you wish to configure these servicesduring install. An additional confirmation will display:

                      User Confirmation RequestedThe Internet Super Server (inetd) allows a number of simple Internetservices to be enabled, including finger, ftp and telnetd.  Enablingthese services may increase risk of security problems by increasingthe exposure of your system.With this in mind, do you wish to enable inetd?                             [ Yes ]   No

Select [ Yes ] to continue.

                      User Confirmation Requestedinetd(8) relies on its configuration file, /etc/inetd.conf, to determinewhich of its Internet services will be available.  The default FreeBSDinetd.conf(5) leaves all services disabled by default, so they must bespecifically enabled in the configuration file before they willfunction, even once inetd(8) is enabled.  Note that services forIPv6 must be separately enabled from IPv4 services.Select [Yes] now to invoke an editor on /etc/inetd.conf, or [No] touse the current settings.                             [ Yes ]   No

Selecting [ Yes ] will allow adding services bydeleting the # at the beginning of a line.

After adding the desired services, pressing Esc will display amenu which will allow exiting and saving the changes.

2.9.4 Anonymous FTP

                      User Confirmation Requested Do you want to have anonymous FTP access to this machine?                               Yes    [ No ]

This screen allows you to configure the anonymous FTP user.The following configuration values are editable:UID:     The user ID you wish to assign to the anonymous FTP user.         All files uploaded will be owned by this ID.Group:   Which group you wish the anonymous FTP user to be in.Comment: String describing this user in /etc/passwdFTP Root Directory:        Where files available for anonymous FTP will be kept.Upload subdirectory:        Where files uploaded by anonymous FTP users will go.

                          User Confirmation Requested          Create a welcome message file for anonymous FTP users?                              [ Yes ]    No

2.9.5 Configure Network FileSystem

Network File System (NFS) allows sharing of files across a network. A machine can beconfigured as a server, a client, or both. Refer to Section20.6 for a more information.

                       User Confirmation Requested Do you want to configure this machine as an NFS server?                               Yes    [ No ]

                               MessageOperating as an NFS server means that you must first configure an/etc/exports file to indicate which hosts are allowed certain kinds ofaccess to your local filesystems.Press [Enter] now to invoke an editor on /etc/exports                               [ OK ]

                       User Confirmation Requested Do you want to configure this machine as an NFS client?                               Yes   [ No ]

2.9.6 SecurityProfile

A ``security profile'' is a set of configuration options that attempts to achieve thedesired ratio of security to convenience by enabling and disabling certain programs andother settings. The more severe the security profile, the fewer programs will be enabledby default. This is one of the basic principles of security: do not run anything exceptwhat you must.

Please note that the security profile is just a default setting. All programs can beenabled and disabled after you have installed FreeBSD by editing or adding theappropriate line(s) to /etc/rc.conf. For more information,please see the rc.conf(5) manualpage.

The following table describes what each of the security profiles does. The columns arethe choices you have for a security profile, and the rows are the program or feature thatthe profile enables or disables.

                       User Confirmation Requested Do you want to select a default security profile for this host (select No for "medium" security)?                             [ Yes ]    No

Selecting [ No ] and pressing Enter will set the security profile to medium.

Selecting [ Yes ] and pressing Enter will allow selecting a different security profile.

Press F1 to display the help. Press Enterto return to selection menu.

Use the arrow keys to choose Medium unless your aresure that another level is required for your needs. With [ OK ] highlighted, press Enter.

An appropriate confirmation message will display depending on which security settingwas chosen.

                                 MessageModerate security settings have been selected.Sendmail and SSHd have been enabled, securelevels aredisabled, and NFS server setting have been left intact.PLEASE NOTE that this still does not save you from havingto properly secure your system in other ways or exercisedue diligence in your administration, this simply picksa standard set of out-of-box defaults to start with.To change any of these settings later, edit /etc/rc.conf                                  [OK]

                                 MessageExtreme security settings have been selected.Sendmail, SSHd, and NFS services have been disabled, andsecurelevels have been enabled.PLEASE NOTE that this still does not save you from havingto properly secure your system in other ways or exercisedue diligence in your administration, this simply picksa more secure set of out-of-box defaults to start with.To change any of these settings later, edit /etc/rc.conf                                  [OK]

Press Enter to continue with the post-installationconfiguration.

2.9.7 System Console Settings

There are several options available to customize the system console.

                      User Confirmation Requested        Would you like to customize your system console settings?                              [ Yes ]  No

To view and configure the options, select [ Yes ] andpress Enter.

A commonly used option is the screen saver. Use the arrow keys to select Saver and then press Enter.

Select the desired screen saver using the arrow keys and then press Enter. The System Console Configuration menu will redisplay.

The default time interval is 300 seconds. To change the time interval, select Saver again. At the Screen Saver Options menu, select Timeout using the arrow keys and press Enter. A pop-up menu will appear:

The value can be changed, then select [ OK ]and press Enter to return to the System Console Configurationmenu.

Selecting Exit and pressing Enter will continue with the post-installation configurations.

2.9.8 Setting the Time Zone

Setting the time zone for your machine will allow it to automatically correct for anyregional time changes and perform other time zone related functions properly.

The example shown is for a machine located in the Eastern time zone of the UnitedStates. Your selections will vary according to your geographical location.

                      User Confirmation Requested           Would you like to set this machine's time zone now?                            [ Yes ]   No

Select [ Yes ] and press Enter toset the time zone.

                       User Confirmation Requested Is this machine's CMOS clock set to UTC? If it is set to local time or you don't know, please choose NO here!                               Yes   [ No ]

Select [ Yes ] or [ No ]according to how the machine's clock is configured and press Enter.

The appropriate region is selected using the arrow keys and then pressing Enter.

Select the appropriate country using the arrow keys and press Enter.

The appropriate time zone is selected using the arrow keys and pressing Enter.

                            Confirmation             Does the abbreviation 'EDT' look reasonable?                            [ Yes ]   No

Confirm the abbreviation for the time zone is correct. If it looks okay, press Enter to continue with the post-installation configuration.

2.9.9 Linux Compatibility

                      User Confirmation Requested           Would you like to enable Linux binary compatibility?                            [ Yes ]   No

Selecting [ Yes ] and pressing Enter will allow running Linux software on FreeBSD. The install willadd the appropriate packages for Linux compatibility.

If installing by FTP, the machine will need to be connected to the Internet. Sometimesa remote ftp site will not have all the distributions like the Linux binarycompatibility. This can be installed later if necessary.

2.9.10 Mouse Settings

This option will allow you to cut and paste text in the console and user programs witha 3-button mouse. If using a 2-button mouse, refer to manual page, moused(8), afterinstallation for details on emulating the 3-button style. This example depicts a non-USBmouse configuration (such as a PS/2 or COM port mouse):

                      User Confirmation Requested          Does this system have a non-USB mouse attached to it?                            [ Yes ]    No

Select [ Yes ] for a non-USB mouse or [ No ] for a USB mouse and press Enter.

Use the arrow keys to select Type and press Enter.

The mouse used in this example is a PS/2 type, so the default Auto was appropriate. To change protocol, use the arrow keysto select another option. Ensure that [ OK ] ishighlighted and press Enter to exit this menu.

Use the arrow keys to select Port and press Enter.

This system had a PS/2 mouse, so the default PS/2 wasappropriate. To change the port, use the arrow keys and then press Enter.

Last, use the arrow keys to select Enable, and pressEnter to enable and test the mouse daemon.

Move the mouse around the screen and verify the cursor shown responds properly. If itdoes, select [ Yes ] and press Enter. If not, the mouse has not been configured correctly -- select[ No ] and try using different configuration options.

Select Exit with the arrow keys and press Enter to return to continue with the post-installationconfiguration.

2.9.11 ConfigureAdditional Network Services

Configuring network services can be a daunting task for new users if they lackprevious knowledge in this area. Networking, including the Internet, is critical to allmodern operating systems including FreeBSD; as a result, it is very useful to have someunderstanding FreeBSD's extensive networking capabilities. Doing this during theinstallation will ensure users have some understanding of the various services availableto them.

Network services are programs that accept input from anywhere on the network. Everyeffort is made to make sure these programs will not do anything ``harmful''.Unfortunately, programmers are not perfect and through time there have been cases wherebugs in network services have been exploited by attackers to do bad things. It isimportant that you only enable the network services you know that you need. If in doubtit is best if you do not enable a network service until you find out that you do need it.You can always enable it later by re-running sysinstall or byusing the features provided by the /etc/rc.conf file.

Selecting the Networking option will display a menusimilar to the one below:

The first option, Interfaces, was previously coveredduring the Section 2.9.1, thus thisoption can safely be ignored.

Selecting the AMD option adds support for theBSD automatic mount utility. This is usually used inconjunction with the NFS protocol (see below) forautomatically mounting remote file systems. No special configuration is requiredhere.

Next in line is the AMD Flags option. When selected,a menu will pop up for you to enter specific AMDflags. The menu already contains a set of default options:

-a /.amd_mnt -l syslog /host /etc/amd.map /net /etc/amd.map

The -a option sets the default mount location which isspecified here as /.amd_mnt. The -loption specifies the default log file; however, when syslogd is used all log activity will be sent to the system logdaemon. The /host directory is used to mount an exported filesystem from a remote host, while /net directory is used tomount an exported file system from an IP address. The/etc/amd.map file defines the default options for AMD exports.

The Anon FTP option permits anonymous FTP connections. Select this option to make this machine ananonymous FTP server. Be aware of the security risksinvolved with this option. Another menu will be displayed to explain the security risksand configuration in depth.

The Gateway configuration menu will set the machineup to be a gateway as explained previously. This can be used to unset the Gateway option if you accidentally selected it during theinstallation process.

The Inetd option can be used to configure orcompletely disable the inetd(8) daemon asdiscussed above.

The Mail option is used to configure the system'sdefault MTA or Mail Transfer Agent. Selecting thisoption will bring up the following menu:

Here you are offered a choice as to which MTA toinstall and set as the default. An MTA is nothing morethan a mail server which delivers email to users on the system or the Internet.

Selecting Sendmail will install the popular sendmail server which is the FreeBSD default. The Sendmail local option will set sendmail to be the default MTA, but disable its ability to receive incoming email from theInternet. The other options here, Postfix and Exim act similar to Sendmail.They both deliver email; however, some users prefer these alternatives to the sendmail MTA.

After selecting an MTA, or choosing not to selectan MTA, the network configuration menu will appear with the next option being NFS client.

The NFS client option will configure the system tocommunicate with a server via NFS. An NFS server makes file systems available to other machines onthe network via the NFS protocol. If this is a standalone machine, this option can remain unselected. The system may require moreconfiguration later; see Section 20.6 for more informationabout client and server configuration.

Below that option is the NFS server option,permitting you to set the system up as an NFS server.This adds the required information to start up the RPCremote procedure call services. RPC is used tocoordinate connections between hosts and programs.

Next in line is the Ntpdate option, which deals withtime synchronization. When selected, a menu like the one below shows up:

From this menu, select the server which is the closest to your location. Selecting aclose one will make the time synchronization more accurate as a server further from yourlocation may have more connection latency.

The next option is the PCNFSD selection. Thisoption will install the net/pcnfsd package from the ports collection. This is a usefulutility which provides NFS authentication services forsystems which are unable to provide their own, such as Microsoft's MS-DOS® operating system.

Now you must scroll down a bit to see the other options:

The rpcbind(8), rpc.statd(8), and rpc.lockd(8) utilitiesare all used for Remote Procedure Calls (RPC). The rpcbind utility manages communication between NFS servers and clients, and is required for NFS servers to operate correctly. The rpc.statd daemon interacts with the rpc.statd daemon on other hosts to provide status monitoring. Thereported status is usually held in the /var/db/statd.statusfile. The next option listed here is the rpc.lockdoption, which, when selected, will provide file locking services. This is usually usedwith rpc.statd to monitor what hosts are requesting locks andhow frequently they request them. While these last two options are marvelous fordebugging, they are not required for NFS servers andclients to operate correctly.

As you progress down the list the next item here is Routed, which is the routing daemon. The routed(8) utilitymanages network routing tables, discovers multicast routers, and supplies a copy of therouting tables to any physically connected host on the network upon request. This ismainly used for machines which act as a gateway for the local network (see the icmp(4) and udp(4) manual pages).When selected, a menu will be presented requesting the default location of the utility.The default location is already defined for you and can be selected with the Enter key. You will then be presented with yet another menu, this timeasking for the flags you wish to pass on to routed. Thedefault is -q and it should already appear on the screen.

Next in line is the Rwhod option which, whenselected, will start the rwhod(8) daemon duringsystem initialization. The rwhod utility broadcasts systemmessages across the network periodically, or collects them when in ``consumer'' mode.More information can be found in the ruptime(1) and rwho(1) manualpages.

The next to the last option in the list is for the sshd(8) daemon. Thisis the secure shell server for OpenSSH and it is highlyrecommended over the standard telnet and FTP servers. The sshd server is usedto create a secure connection from one host to another by using encryptedconnections.

Finally there is the TCP Extensions option. Thisenables the TCP Extensions defined in RFC 1323 and RFC 1644. While on many hosts this can speed upconnections, it can also cause some connections to be dropped. It is not recommended forservers, but may be beneficial for stand alone machines.

Now that you have configured the network services, you can scroll up to the very topitem which is Exit and continue on to the nextconfiguration section.

2.9.12 Configure X Server

In order to use a graphical user interface such as KDE, GNOME, or others, the X server will need to be configured.

To see whether your video card is supported, check the XFree86web site.

                      User Confirmation Requested         Would you like to configure your X server at this time?                            [ Yes ]   No

If you have graphics card and monitor information, select [Yes ] and press Enter to proceed with configuring the Xserver.

There are several ways to configure the X server. Use the arrow keys to select one ofthe methods and press Enter. Be sure to read all instructionscarefully.

The xf86cfg and xf86cfg-textmode methods may make the screen go dark and take a few seconds to start. Bepatient.

The following will illustrate the use of the xf86configconfiguration tool. The configuration choices you make will depend on the hardware in thesystem so your choices will probably be different than those shown:

                                Message You have configured and been running the mouse daemon.  Choose "/dev/sysmouse" as the mouse port and "SysMouse" or "MouseSystems" as the mouse protocol in the X configuration utility.                                  [ OK ]                      [ Press enter to continue ]

This indicates that the mouse daemon previously configured has been detected. Press Enter to continue.

Starting xf86config will display a brief introduction:

This program will create a basic XF86Config file, based on menu selections youmake.The XF86Config file usually resides in /usr/X11R6/etc/X11 or /etc/X11. A sampleXF86Config file is supplied with XFree86; it is configured for a standardVGA card and monitor with 640x480 resolution. This program will ask for apathname when it is ready to write the file.You can either take the sample XF86Config as a base and edit it for yourconfiguration, or let this program produce a base XF86Config file for yourconfiguration and fine-tune it.Before continuing with this program, make sure you know what video cardyou have, and preferably also the chipset it uses and the amount of videomemory on your video card. SuperProbe may be able to help with this.Press enter to continue, or ctrl-c to abort.

Pressing Enter will start the mouse configuration. Be sure tofollow the instructions and use ``Mouse Systems'' as the mouse protocol and /dev/sysmouse as the mouse port even if using a PS/2 mouse isshown as an illustration.

First specify a mouse protocol type. Choose one from the following list: 1.  Microsoft compatible (2-button protocol) 2.  Mouse Systems (3-button protocol) & FreeBSD moused protocol 3.  Bus Mouse 4.  PS/2 Mouse 5.  Logitech Mouse (serial, old type, Logitech protocol) 6.  Logitech MouseMan (Microsoft compatible) 7.  MM Series 8.  MM HitTablet 9.  Microsoft IntelliMouseIf you have a two-button mouse, it is most likely of type 1, and if you havea three-button mouse, it can probably support both protocol 1 and 2. There aretwo main varieties of the latter type: mice with a switch to select theprotocol, and mice that default to 1 and require a button to be held atboot-time to select protocol 2. Some mice can be convinced to do 2 by sendinga special sequence to the serial port (see the ClearDTR/ClearRTS options).Enter a protocol number: 2You have selected a Mouse Systems protocol mouse. If your mouse is normallyin Microsoft-compatible mode, enabling the ClearDTR and ClearRTS optionsmay cause it to switch to Mouse Systems mode when the server starts.Please answer the following question with either 'y' or 'n'.Do you want to enable ClearDTR and ClearRTS? nYou have selected a three-button mouse protocol. It is recommended that youdo not enable Emulate3Buttons, unless the third button doesn't work.Please answer the following question with either 'y' or 'n'.Do you want to enable Emulate3Buttons? yNow give the full device name that the mouse is connected to, for example/dev/tty00. Just pressing enter will use the default, /dev/mouse.On FreeBSD, the default is /dev/sysmouse.Mouse device: /dev/sysmouse

The keyboard is the next item to be configured. A generic 101-key model is shown forillustration. Any name may be used for the variant or simply press Enter to accept the default value.

Please select one of the following keyboard types that is the betterdescription of your keyboard. If nothing really matches,choose 1 (Generic 101-key PC)  1  Generic 101-key PC                                  2  Generic 102-key (Intl) PC                           3  Generic 104-key PC                                  4  Generic 105-key (Intl) PC                           5  Dell 101-key PC                                     6  Everex STEPnote                                     7  Keytronic FlexPro                                   8  Microsoft Natural                                   9  Northgate OmniKey 101                              10  Winbook Model XP5                                  11  Japanese 106-key                                   12  PC-98xx Series                                     13  Brazilian ABNT2                                    14  HP Internet                                        15  Logitech iTouch                                    16  Logitech Cordless Desktop Pro                      17  Logitech Internet Keyboard                         18  Logitech Internet Navigator Keyboard               19  Compaq Internet                                    20  Microsoft Natural Pro                              21  Genius Comfy KB-16M                                22  IBM Rapid Access                                   23  IBM Rapid Access II                                24  Chicony Internet Keyboard                          25  Dell Internet Keyboard                            Enter a number to choose the keyboard.1Please select the layout corresponding to your keyboard  1  U.S. English                                        2  U.S. English w/ ISO9995-3                           3  U.S. English w/ deadkeys                            4  Albanian                                            5  Arabic                                              6  Armenian                                            7  Azerbaidjani                                        8  Belarusian                                          9  Belgian                                            10  Bengali                                            11  Brazilian                                          12  Bulgarian                                          13  Burmese                                            14  Canadian                                           15  Croatian                                           16  Czech                                              17  Czech (qwerty)                                     18  Danish                                            Enter a number to choose the country.Press enter for the next page1Please enter a variant name for 'us' layout. Or just press enterfor default variantusPlease answer the following question with either 'y' or 'n'.Do you want to select additional XKB options (group switcher,group indicator, etc.)? n

Next, we proceed to the configuration for the monitor. Do not exceed the ratings ofyour monitor. Damage could occur. If you have any doubts, do the configuration after youhave the information.

Now we want to set the specifications of the monitor. The two criticalparameters are the vertical refresh rate, which is the rate at which thewhole screen is refreshed, and most importantly the horizontal sync rate,which is the rate at which scanlines are displayed.The valid range for horizontal sync and vertical sync should be documentedin the manual of your monitor. If in doubt, check the monitor database/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/doc/Monitors to see if your monitor is there.Press enter to continue, or ctrl-c to abort.You must indicate the horizontal sync range of your monitor. You can eitherselect one of the predefined ranges below that correspond to industry-standard monitor types, or give a specific range.It is VERY IMPORTANT that you do not specify a monitor type with a horizontalsync range that is beyond the capabilities of your monitor. If in doubt,choose a conservative setting.    hsync in kHz; monitor type with characteristic modes 1  31.5; Standard VGA, 640x480 @ 60 Hz 2  31.5 - 35.1; Super VGA, 800x600 @ 56 Hz 3  31.5, 35.5; 8514 Compatible, 1024x768 @ 87 Hz interlaced (no 800x600) 4  31.5, 35.15, 35.5; Super VGA, 1024x768 @ 87 Hz interlaced, 800x600 @ 56 Hz 5  31.5 - 37.9; Extended Super VGA, 800x600 @ 60 Hz, 640x480 @ 72 Hz 6  31.5 - 48.5; Non-Interlaced SVGA, 1024x768 @ 60 Hz, 800x600 @ 72 Hz 7  31.5 - 57.0; High Frequency SVGA, 1024x768 @ 70 Hz 8  31.5 - 64.3; Monitor that can do 1280x1024 @ 60 Hz 9  31.5 - 79.0; Monitor that can do 1280x1024 @ 74 Hz10  31.5 - 82.0; Monitor that can do 1280x1024 @ 76 Hz11  Enter your own horizontal sync rangeEnter your choice (1-11): 6You must indicate the vertical sync range of your monitor. You can eitherselect one of the predefined ranges below that correspond to industry-standard monitor types, or give a specific range. For interlaced modes,the number that counts is the high one (e.g. 87 Hz rather than 43 Hz). 1  50-70 2  50-90 3  50-100 4  40-150 5  Enter your own vertical sync rangeEnter your choice: 2You must now enter a few identification/description strings, namely anidentifier, a vendor name, and a model name. Just pressing enter will fillin default names.The strings are free-form, spaces are allowed.Enter an identifier for your monitor definition: Hitachi

The selection of a video card driver from a list is next. If you pass your card on thelist, continue to press Enter and the list will repeat. Only anexcerpt from the list is shown:

Now we must configure video card specific settings. At this point you canchoose to make a selection out of a database of video card definitions.Because there can be variation in Ramdacs and clock generators evenbetween cards of the same model, it is not sensible to blindly copythe settings (e.g. a Device section). For this reason, after you make aselection, you will still be asked about the components of the card, withthe settings from the chosen database entry presented as a strong hint.The database entries include information about the chipset, what driver torun, the Ramdac and ClockChip, and comments that will be included in theDevice section. However, a lot of definitions only hint about what driverto run (based on the chipset the card uses) and are untested.If you can't find your card in the database, there's nothing to worry about.You should only choose a database entry that is exactly the same model asyour card; choosing one that looks similar is just a bad idea (e.g. aGemStone Snail 64 may be as different from a GemStone Snail 64+ in terms ofhardware as can be).Do you want to look at the card database? y288  Matrox Millennium G200 8MB                        mgag200289  Matrox Millennium G200 SD 16MB                    mgag200290  Matrox Millennium G200 SD 4MB                     mgag200291  Matrox Millennium G200 SD 8MB                     mgag200292  Matrox Millennium G400                            mgag400293  Matrox Millennium II 16MB                         mga2164w294  Matrox Millennium II 4MB                          mga2164w295  Matrox Millennium II 8MB                          mga2164w296  Matrox Mystique                                   mga1064sg297  Matrox Mystique G200 16MB                         mgag200298  Matrox Mystique G200 4MB                          mgag200299  Matrox Mystique G200 8MB                          mgag200300  Matrox Productiva G100 4MB                        mgag100301  Matrox Productiva G100 8MB                        mgag100302  MediaGX                                           mediagx303  MediaVision Proaxcel 128                          ET6000304  Mirage Z-128                                      ET6000305  Miro CRYSTAL VRX                                  Verite 1000Enter a number to choose the corresponding card definition.Press enter for the next page, q to continue configuration.288Your selected card definition:Identifier: Matrox Millennium G200 8MBChipset:    mgag200Driver:     mgaDo NOT probe clocks or use any Clocks line.Press enter to continue, or ctrl-c to abort.Now you must give information about your video card. This will be used forthe "Device" section of your video card in XF86Config.You must indicate how much video memory you have. It is probably a goodidea to use the same approximate amount as that detected by the server youintend to use. If you encounter problems that are due to the used servernot supporting the amount memory you have (e.g. ATI Mach64 is limited to1024K with the SVGA server), specify the maximum amount supported by theserver.How much video memory do you have on your video card: 1  256K 2  512K 3  1024K 4  2048K 5  4096K 6  OtherEnter your choice: 6Amount of video memory in Kbytes: 8192You must now enter a few identification/description strings, namely anidentifier, a vendor name, and a model name. Just pressing enter will fillin default names (possibly from a card definition).Your card definition is Matrox Millennium G200 8MB.The strings are free-form, spaces are allowed.Enter an identifier for your video card definition:

Next, the video modes are set for the resolutions desired. Typically, useful rangesare 640x480, 800x600, and 1024x768 but those are a function of video card capability,monitor size, and eye comfort. When selecting a color depth, select the highest mode thatyour card will support.

For each depth, a list of modes (resolutions) is defined. The defaultresolution that the server will start-up with will be the first listedmode that can be supported by the monitor and card.Currently it is set to:"640x480" "800x600" "1024x768" "1280x1024" for 8-bit"640x480" "800x600" "1024x768" "1280x1024" for 16-bit"640x480" "800x600" "1024x768" "1280x1024" for 24-bitModes that cannot be supported due to monitor or clock constraints willbe automatically skipped by the server. 1  Change the modes for 8-bit (256 colors) 2  Change the modes for 16-bit (32K/64K colors) 3  Change the modes for 24-bit (24-bit color) 4  The modes are OK, continue.Enter your choice: 2Select modes from the following list: 1  "640x400" 2  "640x480" 3  "800x600" 4  "1024x768" 5  "1280x1024" 6  "320x200" 7  "320x240" 8  "400x300" 9  "1152x864" a  "1600x1200" b  "1800x1400" c  "512x384"Please type the digits corresponding to the modes that you want to select.For example, 432 selects "1024x768" "800x600" "640x480", with adefault mode of 1024x768.Which modes? 432You can have a virtual screen (desktop), which is screen area that is largerthan the physical screen and which is panned by moving the mouse to the edgeof the screen. If you don't want virtual desktop at a certain resolution,you cannot have modes listed that are larger. Each color depth can have adifferently-sized virtual screenPlease answer the following question with either 'y' or 'n'.Do you want a virtual screen that is larger than the physical screen? nFor each depth, a list of modes (resolutions) is defined. The defaultresolution that the server will start-up with will be the first listedmode that can be supported by the monitor and card.Currently it is set to:"640x480" "800x600" "1024x768" "1280x1024" for 8-bit"1024x768" "800x600" "640x480" for 16-bit"640x480" "800x600" "1024x768" "1280x1024" for 24-bitModes that cannot be supported due to monitor or clock constraints willbe automatically skipped by the server. 1  Change the modes for 8-bit (256 colors) 2  Change the modes for 16-bit (32K/64K colors) 3  Change the modes for 24-bit (24-bit color) 4  The modes are OK, continue.Enter your choice: 4Please specify which color depth you want to use by default:  1  1 bit (monochrome)                                  2  4 bits (16 colors)                                  3  8 bits (256 colors)                                 4  16 bits (65536 colors)                              5  24 bits (16 million colors)                       Enter a number to choose the default depth.4

Finally, the configuration needs to be saved. Be sure to enter /etc/XF86Config as the location for saving the configuration.

I am going to write the XF86Config file now. Make sure you don't accidentlyoverwrite a previously configured one.Shall I write it to /etc/X11/XF86Config? y

If the configuration fails, you can try the configuration again by selecting [ Yes ] when the following message appears:

          User Confirmation RequestedThe XFree86 configuration process seems to havefailed.  Would you like to try again?             [ Yes ]         No

If you have trouble configuring XFree86, select [ No ] andpress Enter and continue with the installation process. Afterinstallation you can use xf86cfg -textmode or xf86config to access the command line configuration utilities as root. There is an additional method for configuring XFree86 described in Chapter 5. If you choose not to configure XFree86 at this time the next menuwill be for package selection.

The default setting which allows the server to be killed is the hotkey sequence Ctrl+Alt+Backspace. Thiscan be executed if something is wrong with the server settings and prevent hardwaredamage.

The default setting that allows video mode switching will permit changing of the modewhile running X with the hotkey sequence Ctrl+Alt++ or Ctrl+Alt+-.

After installation, the display can be adjusted for height, width, or centering byusing xvidtune after you have XFree86 running with xvidtune.

There are warnings that improper settings can damage your equipment. Heed them. If indoubt, do not do it. Instead, use the monitor controls to adjust the display for XWindow. There may be some display differences when switching back to text mode, but it isbetter than damaging equipment.

Read the xvidtune(1) manualpage before making any adjustments.

Following a successful XFree86 configuration, it will proceed to the selection of adefault desktop.

2.9.13 Select Default XDesktop

There are a variety of window managers available. They range from very basicenvironments to full desktop environments with a large suite of software. Some requireonly minimal disk space and low memory while others with more features require much more.The best way to determine which is most suitable for you is to try a few different ones.Those are available from the ports collection or as packages and can be added afterinstallation.

You can select one of the popular desktops to be installed and configured as thedefault desktop. This will allow you to start it right after installation.

Use the arrow keys to select a desktop and press Enter.Installation of the selected desktop will proceed.

2.9.14 Install Packages

Packages are pre-compiled binaries and are a convenient way to install software.

Installation of one package is shown for purposes of illustration. Additional packagescan also be added at this time if desired. After installation /stand/sysinstall can be used to add additional packages.

                     User Confirmation Requested The FreeBSD package collection is a collection of hundreds of ready-to-run applications, from text editors to games to WEB servers and more. Would you like to browse the collection now?                             [ Yes ]   No

Selecting [ Yes ] and pressing Enter will be followed by the Package Selection screens:

Only packages on the current installation media are available for installation at anygiven time.

All packages available will be displayed if All isselected or you can select a particular category. Highlight your selection with the arrowkeys and press Enter.

A menu will display showing all the packages available for the selection made:

The bash shell is shown selected. Select as many as desiredby highlighting the package and pressing the Space key. A shortdescription of each package will appear in the lower left corner of the screen.

Pressing the Tab key will toggle between the last selectedpackage, [ OK ], and [ Cancel ].

When you have finished marking the packages for installation, press Tab once to toggle to the [ OK ] and press Enter to returnto the Package Selection menu.

The left and right arrow keys will also toggle between [ OK ] and [ Cancel ]. This method can also be used to select[ OK ] and press Enter toreturn to the Package Selection menu.

Use the Tab and arrow keys to select [Install ] and press Enter. You will then need to confirmthat you want to install the packages:

Selecting [ OK ] and pressing Enter will start the package installation. Installing messages willappear until completed. Make note if there are any error messages.

The final configuration continues after packages are installed. If you end up notselecting any packages, and wish to return to the final configuration, select Install anyways.

2.9.15 Add Users/Groups

You should add at least one user during the installation so that you can use thesystem without being logged in as root. The root partition isgenerally small and running applications as root can quicklyfill it. A bigger danger is noted below:

                     User Confirmation Requested Would you like to add any initial user accounts to the system? Adding at least one account for yourself at this stage is suggested since working as the "root" user is dangerous (it is easy to do things which adversely affect the entire system).                             [ Yes ]   No

Select [ Yes ] and press Enter tocontinue with adding a user.

Select User with the arrow keys and press Enter.

The following descriptions will appear in the lower part of the screen as the itemsare selected with Tab to assist with entering the requiredinformation:

The login shell was changed from /bin/sh to /usr/local/bin/bash to use the bashshell that was previously installed as a package. Do not try to use a shell that does notexist or you will not be able to login. The most common shell used in the BSD-world isthe C shell, which can be indicated as /bin/tcsh.

The user was also added to the wheel group to be able tobecome a superuser with root privileges.

When you are satisfied, press [ OK ] and theUser and Group Management menu will redisplay:

Groups can also be added at this time if specific needs are known. Otherwise, this maybe accessed through using /stand/sysinstall after installationis completed.

When you are finished adding users, select Exit withthe arrow keys and press Enter to continue the installation.

2.9.16 Set the root Password

                        Message Now you must set the system manager's password.   This is the password you'll use to log in as "root".                          [ OK ]                [ Press enter to continue ]

Press Enter to set the rootpassword.

The password will need to be typed in twice correctly. Needless to say, make sure youhave a way of finding the password if you forget.

Changing local password for root. New password : Retype new password :

The installation will continue after the password is successfully entered.

2.9.17 Exiting Install

If you need to configure additional network devices or any other configuration, youcan do it at this point or after installation with /stand/sysinstall.

                     User Confirmation Requested Visit the general configuration menu for a chance to set any last options?                               Yes   [ No ]

Select [ No ] with the arrow keys and press Enter to return to the Main Installation Menu.

Select [X Exit Install] with the arrow keys and pressEnter. You will be asked to confirm exiting the installation:

                     User Confirmation Requested Are you sure you wish to exit? The system will reboot (be sure to   remove any floppies from the drives).                             [ Yes ]   No

Select [ Yes ] and remove the floppy if booting fromthe floppy. The CDROM drive is locked until the machine starts to reboot. The CDROM driveis then unlocked and the disk can be removed from drive (quickly).

The system will reboot so watch for any error messages that may appear.

2.9.18 FreeBSD Bootup

Copyright (c) 1992-2002 The FreeBSD Project. Copyright (c) 1979, 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994        The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. Timecounter "i8254"  frequency 1193182 HzCPU: AMD-K6(tm) 3D processor (300.68-MHz 586-class CPU)  Origin = "AuthenticAMD"  Id = 0x580  Stepping = 0  Features=0x8001bf<FPU,VME,DE,PSE,TSC,MSR,MCE,CX8,MMX>   AMD Features=0x80000800<SYSCALL,3DNow!> real memory  = 268435456 (262144K bytes) config> di sn0 config> di lnc0 config> di le0 config> di ie0 config> di fe0 config> di cs0 config> di bt0  config> di aic0 config> di aha0 config> di adv0 config> q avail memory = 256311296 (250304K bytes)Preloaded elf kernel "kernel" at 0xc0491000. Preloaded userconfig_script "/boot/kernel.conf" at 0xc049109c. md0: Malloc disk Using $PIR table, 4 entries at 0xc00fde60npx0: <math processor> on motherboard npx0: INT 16 interface pcib0: <Host to PCI bridge> on motherboard pci0: <PCI bus> on pcib0 pcib1: <VIA 82C598MVP (Apollo MVP3) PCI-PCI (AGP) bridge> at device 1.0 on pci0 pci1: <PCI bus> on pcib1 pci1: <Matrox MGA G200 AGP graphics accelerator> at 0.0 irq 11 isab0: <VIA 82C586 PCI-ISA bridge> at device 7.0 on pci0 isa0: <ISA bus> on isab0 atapci0: <VIA 82C586 ATA33 controller> port 0xe000-0xe00f at device 7.1 on pci0 ata0: at 0x1f0 irq 14 on atapci0 ata1: at 0x170 irq 15 on atapci0 uhci0: <VIA 83C572 USB controller> port 0xe400-0xe41f irq 10 at device 7.2 on pci0 usb0: <VIA 83C572 USB controller> on uhci0 usb0: USB revision 1.0 uhub0: VIA UHCI root hub, class 9/0, rev 1.00/1.00, addr 1 uhub0: 2 ports with 2 removable, self powered chip1: <VIA 82C586B ACPI interface> at device 7.3 on pci0 ed0: <NE2000 PCI Ethernet (RealTek 8029)> port 0xe800-0xe81f irq 9 atdevice 10.0 on pci0 ed0: address 52:54:05:de:73:1b, type NE2000 (16 bit) isa0: too many dependant configs (8) isa0: unexpected small tag 14 fdc0: <NEC 72065B or clone> at port 0x3f0-0x3f5,0x3f7 irq 6 drq 2 on isa0fdc0: FIFO enabled, 8 bytes threshold fd0: <1440-KB 3.5" drive> on fdc0 drive 0 atkbdc0: <keyboard controller (i8042)> at port 0x60-0x64 on isa0 atkbd0: <AT Keyboard> flags 0x1 irq 1 on atkbdc0 kbd0 at atkbd0 psm0: <PS/2 Mouse> irq 12 on atkbdc0 psm0: model Generic PS/2 mouse, device ID 0 vga0: <Generic ISA VGA> at port 0x3c0-0x3df iomem 0xa0000-0xbffff on isa0sc0: <System console> at flags 0x1 on isa0 sc0: VGA <16 virtual consoles, flags=0x300> sio0 at port 0x3f8-0x3ff irq 4 flags 0x10 on isa0 sio0: type 16550A sio1 at port 0x2f8-0x2ff irq 3 on isa0 sio1: type 16550A ppc0: <Parallel port> at port 0x378-0x37f irq 7 on isa0 ppc0: SMC-like chipset (ECP/EPP/PS2/NIBBLE) in COMPATIBLE mode ppc0: FIFO with 16/16/15 bytes threshold ppbus0: IEEE1284 device found /NIBBLEProbing for PnP devices on ppbus0: plip0: <PLIP network interface> on ppbus0 lpt0: <Printer> on ppbus0 lpt0: Interrupt-driven port ppi0: <Parallel I/O> on ppbus0ad0: 8063MB <IBM-DHEA-38451> [16383/16/63] at ata0-master using UDMA33 ad2: 8063MB <IBM-DHEA-38451> [16383/16/63] at ata1-master using UDMA33 acd0: CDROM <DELTA OTC-H101/ST3 F/W by OIPD> at ata0-slave using PIO4 Mounting root from ufs:/dev/ad0s1a swapon: adding /dev/ad0s1b as swap device Automatic boot in progress... /dev/ad0s1a: FILESYSTEM CLEAN; SKIPPING CHECKS /dev/ad0s1a: clean, 48752 free (552 frags, 6025 blocks, 0.9% fragmentation)/dev/ad0s1f: FILESYSTEM CLEAN; SKIPPING CHECKS /dev/ad0s1f: clean, 128997 free (21 frags, 16122 blocks, 0.0% fragmentation)/dev/ad0s1g: FILESYSTEM CLEAN; SKIPPING CHECKS/dev/ad0s1g: clean, 3036299 free (43175 frags, 374073 blocks, 1.3% fragmentation)/dev/ad0s1e: filesystem CLEAN; SKIPPING CHECKS /dev/ad0s1e: clean, 128193 free (17 frags, 16022 blocks, 0.0% fragmentation)Doing initial network setup: hostname. ed0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500        inet 192.168.0.1 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.0.255        inet6 fe80::5054::5ff::fede:731b%ed0 prefixlen 64 tentative scopeid 0x1        ether 52:54:05:de:73:1blo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384         inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x8         inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128         inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000 Additional routing options: IP gateway=YES TCP keepalive=YESrouting daemons:. additional daemons: syslogd. Doing additional network setup:. Starting final network daemons: creating ssh RSA host key Generating public/private rsa1 key pair.Your identification has been saved in /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key. Your public key has been saved in /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key.pub. The key fingerprint is: cd:76:89:16:69:0e:d0:6e:f8:66:d0:07:26:3c:7e:2d root@k6-2.example.com creating ssh DSA host key Generating public/private dsa key pair.Your identification has been saved in /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key. Your public key has been saved in /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key.pub. The key fingerprint is: f9:a1:a9:47:c4:ad:f9:8d:52:b8:b8:ff:8c:ad:2d:e6 root@k6-2.example.com.setting ELF ldconfig path: /usr/lib /usr/lib/compat /usr/X11R6/lib/usr/local/lib a.out ldconfig path: /usr/lib/aout /usr/lib/compat/aout /usr/X11R6/lib/aout starting standard daemons: inetd cron sshd usbd sendmail.Initial rc.i386 initialization:. rc.i386 configuring syscons: blank_time screensaver moused. Additional ABI support: linux. Local package initialization:. Additional TCP options:. FreeBSD/i386 (k6-2.example.com) (ttyv0)login: rpratt Password:

>>>BOOT DKC0

>>> SET BOOT_OSFLAGS A>>> SET BOOT_FILE ''>>> SET BOOTDEF_DEV DKC0>>> SET AUTO_ACTION BOOT

2.9.19 FreeBSD Shutdown

It is important to properly shutdown the operating system. Do not just turn off power.First, become a superuser by typing su at the command line andentering the root password. This will work only if the user isa member of the wheel group. Otherwise, login as root and use shutdown -h now.

The operating system has halted. Please press any key to reboot.

It is safe to turn off the power after the shutdown command has been issued and themessage ``Please press any key to reboot'' appears. If any key is pressed instead ofturning off the power switch, the system will reboot.

You could also use the Ctrl+Alt+Del key combination to reboot the system, however this is notrecommended during normal operation.