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    %%
    username    printf( "%s", getlogin() );

Ê̤ÎÎã¤ò¸«¤Æ¸«¤Þ¤·¤ç¤¦:

    %{
            int num_lines = 0, num_chars = 0;
    %}

    %%
    \n      ++num_lines; ++num_chars;
    .       ++num_chars;

    %%
    main()
            {
            yylex();
            printf( "# of lines = %d, # of chars = %d\n",
                    num_lines, num_chars );
            }

¼¡¤Ï¤â¤¦¤Á¤ç¤Ã¤ÈÊ£»¨¤ÊÎã¤Ç¤¹:

    /* scanner for a toy Pascal-like language */

    %{
    /* need this for the call to atof() below */
    #include <math.h>
    %}

    DIGIT    [0-9]
    ID       [a-z][a-z0-9]*

    %%

    {DIGIT}+    {
                printf( "An integer: %s (%d)\n", yytext,
                        atoi( yytext ) );
                }

    {DIGIT}+"."{DIGIT}*        {
                printf( "A float: %s (%g)\n", yytext,
                        atof( yytext ) );
                }

    if|then|begin|end|procedure|function        {
                printf( "A keyword: %s\n", yytext );
                }

    {ID}        printf( "An identifier: %s\n", yytext );

    "+"|"-"|"*"|"/"   printf( "An operator: %s\n", yytext );

    "{"[^}\n]*"}"     /* eat up one-line comments */

    [ \t\n]+          /* eat up whitespace */

    .           printf( "Unrecognized character: %s\n", yytext );

    %%

    main( argc, argv )
    int argc;
    char **argv;
        {
        ++argv, --argc;  /* skip over program name */
        if ( argc > 0 )
                yyin = fopen( argv[0], "r" );
        else
                yyin = stdin;
        
        yylex();
        }

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    ̾Á° ÄêµÁ

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    ID       [a-z][a-z0-9]*

    {DIGIT}+"."{DIGIT}*

    ([0-9])+"."([0-9])*

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    (foo)|(ba(r*))

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    (foo|bar)*

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    [:alnum:] [:alpha:] [:blank:]
    [:cntrl:] [:digit:] [:graph:]
    [:lower:] [:print:] [:punct:]
    [:space:] [:upper:] [:xdigit:]

Î㤨¤Ð°Ê²¼¤Îɽ¸½¤ÏÁ´¤ÆƱ¤¸¤Ç¤¹:

    [[:alnum:]]
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°Ê²¼¤Ç¤Ï '$' ¤È '^' ¤È¤ÏÄ̾ï¤Îʸ»ú¤È¤·¤Æ°·¤ï¤ì¤Þ¤¹:

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¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¤¬¸«ÉÕ¤«¤é¤Ê¤¤¤È¡¢ ¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¥ë¡¼¥ë ¤¬¼Â¹Ô¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹: ÆþÎϤμ¡¤Îʸ»ú¤¬¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¤·¤¿¤È¸«Ê蘆¤ì¡¢ ɸ½à½ÐÎϤ˥³¥Ô¡¼¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£ºÇ¤â´Êñ¤ÇÀµÅö¤Ê flex ¤ÎÆþÎϤϰʲ¼¤ÎÄ̤ê¤Ç¤¹:

    %%

yytext ¤Ï 2 ¤Ä¤Î°Û¤Ê¤Ã¤¿ÊýË¡¤Ë¤è¤êÄêµÁ¤µ¤ì¤¦¤ë¤³¤È¤ËÃí°Õ¤·¤Æ²¼¤µ¤¤: ʸ»ú ¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥¿ ¤â¤·¤¯¤Ïʸ»ú ÇÛÎó ¤Ç¤¹¡£ flex ¤¬¤É¤Á¤é¤ÎÄêµÁ¤ò»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¤«¤ÏÆÃÊ̤ʥǥ£¥ì¥¯¥Æ¥£¥Ö %pointer ¤â¤·¤¯¤Ï %array ¤ò flex ¤ÎÆþÎϤκǽé¤Î(ÄêµÁ)Éôʬ¤Ë´Þ¤á¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤è¤êÀ©¸æ¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£ ¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ï %pointer ¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢ -l lex ¸ß´¹¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤ÏÎ㳰Ū¤Ë yytext ¤ÏÇÛÎó¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£ %pointer ¤ò»ÈÍѤ¹¤ëÍøÅÀ¤Ï¥¹¥­¥ã¥ó¤¬¹â®¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¡¢ Èó¾ï¤ËÂ礭¤Ê¥È¡¼¥¯¥ó¤Ë¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¤¹¤ë»þ¤Ë¤â (ưŪ¥á¥â¥ê¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¿Ô¤¯¤µ¤Ê¤¤¸Â¤ê)¥Ð¥Ã¥Õ¥¡¥ª¡¼¥Ð¥Õ¥í¡¼¤È¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹¡£ ·çÅÀ¤Ï¡¢¥¢¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬ yytext ¤ò½¤Àµ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬À©¸Â¤µ¤ì¤ë¤³¤È(¼¡ÀỲ¾È)¡¢ unput() ¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤·¤¬ yytext ¤Î¸½ºß¤ÎÆâÍƤòÇ˲õ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹¡£ ¤³¤ì¤Ï°Û¤Ê¤ë lex ¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó´Ö¤Ç¤Î°Ü¿¢À­¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ëƬÄˤμï¤Ç¤¹¡£

%array ¤ÎÍøÅÀ¤Ï yytext ¤ÎÆâÍƤò»×¤Ã¤¿Ä̤ê¤ËÊѹ¹¤Ç¤­¤ë¤³¤È¡¢ unput() ¤ò¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤·¤Æ¤â yytext ¤ÎÆâÍƤ¬Ç˲õ¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹(²¼µ­»²¾È)¡£ ¤½¤Î¾å¡¢´û¸¤Î lex ¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ï yytext ¤ò³°Éô¤«¤é¼¡¤Î·Á¼°¤ÎÀë¸À¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤Æ¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹:

    extern char yytext[];

%array ¤Ï yytext ¤òʸ»ú¿ô YYLMAX (¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ï½½Ê¬Â礭¤ÊÃÍ)¤ÎÇÛÎó¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤ÈÄêµÁ¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£ ¤³¤ÎÂ礭¤µ¤Ï¡¢ flex ¤ÎÆþÎϤκǽé¤ÎÉôʬ¤Çñ½ã¤Ë YYLMAX ¤ò°Û¤Ê¤Ã¤¿ÃÍ¤Ë #define ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤è¤êÊѹ¹¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£ ¾åµ­¤ÎÄ̤ꡢ %pointer »ÈÍÑ»þ¤Ë¤Ï yytext ¤ÏÂ礭¤Ê¥È¡¼¥¯¥ó¤ò³ÊǼ¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤ËưŪ¤ËÂ礭¤¯¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£ ¤³¤Î¤³¤È¤Ï %pointer ¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤¿¥¹¥­¥ã¥Ê¤ÏÈó¾ï¤ËÂ礭¤Ê¥È¡¼¥¯¥ó (Î㤨¤Ð¥³¥á¥ó¥È¥Ö¥í¥Ã¥¯Á´ÂÎ)¤ò³ÊǼ²Äǽ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤ò°ÕÌ£¤·¤Þ¤¹¤¬¡¢ ¥¹¥­¥ã¥Ê¤¬ yytext ¤ÎÂ礭¤µ¤òÊѤ¨¤ë¤¿¤Ó¤Ë¥È¡¼¥¯¥óÁ´ÂΤòÀèƬ¤«¤éºÆ¥¹¥­¥ã¥ó¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬É¬ÍפȤʤ뤿¤á ¤³¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¥È¡¼¥¯¥ó¤ËÂФ¹¤ë¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¥ó¥°¤ÏÃÙ¤¯¤Ê¤ê¤¦¤ë¤³¤È¤ò³Ð¤¨¤Æ¤ª¤¤¤Æ²¼¤µ¤¤¡£ ¸½ºß¡¢ yytext ¤Ï unput() ¤¬·ë²Ì¤È¤·¤ÆÊÖ¤¹¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¤¬Â礭¤¤»þ¤Ë¤ÏưŪ¤Ë¤ÏÂ礭¤¯¤Ê¤ê ¤Þ¤»¤ó; ¼Â¹Ô»þ¥¨¥é¡¼¤È¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£

¤Þ¤¿¡¢ %array ¤Ï C++ ¥¹¥­¥ã¥Ê¥¯¥é¥¹¤Ç¤Ï»ÈÍѤǤ­¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤ËÃí°Õ¤·¤Æ²¼¤µ¤¤( c++ ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ë´Ø¤·¤Æ¤Ï²¼µ­»²¾È)¡£  

¥¢¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó

    %%
    "zap me"

¼¡¤Ï¡¢Ê£¿ô¤Î¶õÇò¤äʸ»ú¤òñ°ì¤Î¶õÇò¤Ë°µ½Ì¤·¹ÔËö¤Î¶õÇò¤ò¼Î¤Æ¤ë¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ç¤¹:

    %%
    [ \t]+        putchar( ' ' );
    [ \t]+$       /* ignore this token */

¥¢¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬ '{' ¤ò´Þ¤à¾ì¹ç¡¢¥¢¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤ÏÂбþ¤¹¤ë '}' ¤Þ¤Ç³¤­¡¢ Ê£¿ô¹Ô¤ËÅϤë¾ì¹ç¤â¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£ flex ¤Ï C ¤Îʸ»úÎ󤪤è¤Ó¥³¥á¥ó¥È¤Ë´Ø¤·¤ÆÃΤäƤª¤ê¡¢ ¤½¤ì¤é¤ÎÃæ¤Î¥Ö¥ì¡¼¥¹¤ò¸í²ò¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¤¬¡¢ ¥¢¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬ %{ ¤Ç»Ï¤Þ¤ë¤³¤È¤òµö¤·¡¢¼¡¤Î %} ¤Þ¤Ç¤Î¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¤¬¥¢¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤È¤·¤Þ¤¹ (¥¢¥¯¥·¥ç¥óÆâÉô¤ÎǤ°Õ¸Ä¤Î¥Ö¥ì¡¼¥¹¤Ë¤Ï´Ø·¸¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó)¡£

¿âľ¥Ð¡¼ ('|') ¤Î¤ß¤«¤é¤Ê¤ë¥¢¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï "¼¡¤Î¥ë¡¼¥ë¤ÈƱ¤¸" ¤ò°ÕÌ£¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£ÀâÌÀ¤Ï°Ê²¼¤ò¸«¤Æ²¼¤µ¤¤¡£

¥¢¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤ÏǤ°Õ¤Î C ¥³¡¼¥É¤ò´Þ¤à¤³¤È¤¬½ÐÍè¤Þ¤¹¡£ ¤³¤ì¤Ë¤Ï¡¢ yylex() ¤ò¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤·¤¿¥ë¡¼¥Á¥ó¤ËÂФ·¤ÆÃͤòÊÖ¤¹ return ʸ¤â´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£ yylex() ¤¬¸Æ¤Ð¤ì¤ë¤¿¤Ó¡¢ºÇ¸å¤Ë»Ä¤Ã¤¿¥È¡¼¥¯¥ó¤«¤é½èÍý¤òºÆ³«¤·¡¢ ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î½ªÎ»¤â¤·¤¯¤Ï return ¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤Þ¤Ç½èÍý¤ò¹Ô¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£

¥¢¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï¼«Í³¤Ë yytext ¤òÊѹ¹¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¤¬¡¢Îã³°¤ÏŤµ¤òÁý¤ä¤¹¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹ (ʸ»ú¤òËöÈø¤Ë²Ã¤¨¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¡¢ ¤³¤ì¤ÏÆþÎÏ¥¹¥È¥ê¡¼¥à¤Î¸å³¤¹¤ëʸ»ú¤ò¾å½ñ¤­¤·¤Þ¤¹)¡£ ¤³¤ì¤Ï %array »ÈÍÑ»þ¤Ë¤ÏÅö¤Æ¤Ï¤Þ¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó(¾å½Ò); ¤³¤Î¾ì¹ç yytext ¤ò¼«Í³¤ËÊѹ¹¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£

¥¢¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï¼«Í³¤Ë yyleng ¤òÊѹ¹¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¤¬¡¢¥¢¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬ yymore() ¤ò»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë»þ¤Ë¤ÏÎ㳰Ū¤ËÊѹ¹¤·¤Æ¤Ï¤¤¤±¤Þ¤»¤ó(¸å½Ò)¡£

¿¤¯¤ÎÆÃÊ̤ʥǥ£¥ì¥¯¥Æ¥£¥Ö¤¬¤¢¤ê¡¢¥¢¥¯¥·¥ç¥óÃæ¤Ë´Þ¤á¤ë¤³¤È¤¬½ÐÍè¤Þ¤¹:

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ECHO yytext ¤ò¥¹¥­¥ã¥Ê¤Î½ÐÎϤ˥³¥Ô¡¼¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£

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BEGIN ¸å¤í¤Ë³«»Ï¾ò·ï¤Î̾Á°¤ò½ñ¤¯¤È¡¢¥¹¥­¥ã¥Ê¤òÂбþ¤¹¤ë³«»Ï¾ò·ï¤ËÀßÄꤷ¤Þ¤¹(¸å½Ò)¡£

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REJECT ÆþÎÏ(¤â¤·¤¯¤ÏÆþÎϤÎƬ)¤Ë "2 ÈÖÌܤˤ褯(second best)" ¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¤¹¤ë¥ë¡¼¥ë ¤Ë¿Ê¤à¤è¤¦¤Ë¥¹¥­¥ã¥Ê¤Ë»Ø¼¨¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£ "ÆþÎϤΥޥåÁÊýË¡" ¤Ç¼¨¤·¤¿¤è¤¦¤Ë¥ë¡¼¥ë¤ÏÁªÂò¤µ¤ì¡¢ yytext ¤È yyleng ¤ÏŬÀÚ¤ËÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£ ÁªÂò¤µ¤ì¤ë¥ë¡¼¥ë¤Ï¡¢ºÇ½é¤ËÁªÂò¤µ¤ì¤¿¥ë¡¼¥ë¤ÈƱ¤¸Ä¹¤µ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤¬ flex ¤ÎÆþÎÏ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë¤Æ¸å¤Ç½Ð¤ÆÍè¤ë¤â¤Î¡¢¤â¤·¤¯¤Ï¾¯¤Ê¤¤Ê¸»ú¿ô¤Ë¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¤¹¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¹¡£ Î㤨¤Ð¼¡¤ÎÎã¤Ç¤ÏÆþÎÏÃæ¤Î¸ì¤ò¿ô¤¨¡¢ "frob" ¤¬¸«ÉÕ¤«¤ë¤¿¤Ó¤Ë¥ë¡¼¥Á¥ó special() ¤ò¸Æ¤Ó¤Þ¤¹:

            int word_count = 0;
    %%

    frob        special(); REJECT;
    [^ \t\n]+   ++word_count;

REJECT ¤¬Ìµ¤¤¾ì¹ç¡¢ ÆþÎÏÃæ¤Î "frob" ¤Ï¸ì¤È¤·¤Æ¿ô¤¨¤é¤ì¤º¡¢ ¥¹¥­¥ã¥Ê¤ÏÄ̾ïÄ̤ê¥È¡¼¥¯¥óËè¤Ë 1 ¤Ä¤Î¥¢¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤À¤±¤ò¹Ô¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£ Ê£¿ô¤Î REJECT ¤ò»ÈÍѲÄǽ¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¸½ºßÍ­¸ú¤Ê¥ë¡¼¥ë¤Î¼¡¤ËÎɤ¤ÁªÂò¤ò¸«ÉÕ¤±¤Þ¤¹¡£ Î㤨¤Ð¼¡¤Î¥¹¥­¥ã¥Ê¤Ï¡¢"abcd" ¤È¤¤¤¦¥È¡¼¥¯¥ó¤ò¥¹¥­¥ã¥ó¤·¡¢ ½ÐÎÏ¤Ë "abcdabcaba" ¤ò½ñ¤­¤Þ¤¹:

    %%
    a        |
    ab       |
    abc      |
    abcd     ECHO; REJECT;
    .|\n     /* eat up any unmatched character */

(Á°¤Î 3 ¤Ä¤Î¥ë¡¼¥ë¤Ï 4 ÈÖÌܤΥ롼¥ë¤Î¥¢¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò¶¦Í­¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£ ¤Ê¤¼¤Ê¤éÆÃÊÌ¤Ê '|' ¥¢¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬»ÈÍѤµ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¤é¤Ç¤¹¡£) REJECT ¤Ï¥¹¥­¥ã¥Ê¤ÎÀ­Ç½¤È¤¤¤¦ÅÀ¤ÇÆä˥³¥¹¥È¤Î¤«¤«¤ëµ¡Ç½¤Ç¤¹; ¤â¤·¥¹¥­¥ã¥Ê¤Î¥¢¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î ¤¤¤º¤ì¤« ¤Ë¤Ç¤â REJECT ¤¬»È¤ï¤ì¤¿¤Ê¤é¡¢¥¹¥­¥ã¥Ê¤Î Á´¤Æ¤Î ¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¥ó¥°Â®ÅÙ¤òÄã²¼¤µ¤»¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹¡£ ¤µ¤é¤Ë REJECT ¤ò¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó -Cf ¤ä -CF ¤È¶¦¤ËÍѤ¤¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï½ÐÍè¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£

¤Þ¤¿¡¢Â¾¤ÎÆÃÊÌ¥¢¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤È°ã¤¤ REJECT ¤Ï ʬ´ô(branch) ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤ËÃí°Õ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤; ¤¹¤Ê¤ï¤Á REJECT ľ¸å¤Î¥¢¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï ¼Â¹Ô ¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£

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yymore() ¼¡¤Ë¥ë¡¼¥ë¤È¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¤·¤¿¤È¤­¤Ë¤Ï¡¢Âбþ¤¹¤ë¥È¡¼¥¯¥ó¤Ï¡¢ ¸½ºß¤Î yytext ¤ÎÆâÍƤÈÆþ¤ì´¹¤¨¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯ yytext ¤Ë Äɲà ¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦¥¹¥­¥ã¥Ê¤Ë»Ø¼¨¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£ Î㤨¤Ð¡¢ÆþÎÏ "mega-kludge" ¤¬Í¿¤¨¤é¤ì¤ë¤È¡¢°Ê²¼¤Ï "mega-mega-kludge" ¤ò½ÐÎϤ˽ñ¤­¤Þ¤¹:

    %%
    mega-    ECHO; yymore();
    kludge   ECHO;

ºÇ½é¤Î "mega-" ¤Ï¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¤·½ÐÎϤ˥¨¥³¡¼¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£ ¼¡¤Ë "kludge" ¤¬¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¤·¤Þ¤¹¤¬¡¢Ä¾Á°¤Î "mega-" ¤¬¤Þ¤À yytext ¤ÎÀèƬ¤Ë»Ä¤Ã¤Æ¤ª¤ê¡¢"kludge" ¤Î ¥ë¡¼¥ë¤Ï¼ÂºÝ¤Ë¤Ï "mage-kludge" ¤ò½ñ¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£

yymore() ¤Î»ÈÍѤ˴ؤ· 2 ¤Ä¤ÎÃí°ÕÅÀ¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£ ¤Þ¤º¡¢ yymore() ¤Ï¸½ºß¤Î¥È¡¼¥¯¥ó¤ÎÂ礭¤µ¤òÈ¿±Ç¤¹¤ë yyleng ¤ÎÃͤÎÀµ³Î¤µ¤Ë°Í¸¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢ yymore() »ÈÍÑ»þ¤Ë¤Ï yyleng ¤òÊѹ¹¤·¤Æ¤Ï¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£ ¼¡¤Ë¡¢ ¥¹¥­¥ã¥Ê¤Î¥¢¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ë yymore() ¤¬¤¢¤ë¤È¡¢¥¹¥­¥ã¥Ê¤Î¥Þ¥Ã¥Á®Å٤˼㴳°­±Æ¶Á¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£

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yyless(n) ¸½ºß¤Î¥È¡¼¥¯¥ó¤«¤éºÇ½é¤Î n ʸ»ú¤ò½ü¤¤¤¿¤â¤Î¤òÆþÎÏ¥¹¥È¥ê¡¼¥à¤ËÌᤷ¤Þ¤¹¡£ Ìᤷ¤¿Ê¸»úÎó¤Ï¥¹¥­¥ã¥Ê¤¬¼¡¤Î¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¥ó¥°¤ò¤È¤ë¤È¤­¤ËºÆÅÙ¥¹¥­¥ã¥ó¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£ yytext ¤È yyleng ¤ÏŬÀÚ¤ËÄ´À°¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹(Î㤨¤Ð yyleng ¤Ï n ¤È¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹)¡£ Î㤨¤Ð¡¢ÆþÎÏ "foobar" ¤¬Í¿¤¨¤é¤ì¤ë¤È¡¢°Ê²¼¤Ï "foobarbar" ¤ò½ñ¤­¤Þ¤¹:

    %%
    foobar    ECHO; yyless(3);
    [a-z]+    ECHO;

°ú¿ô 0 ¤ò yyless ¤ËÍ¿¤¨¤ë¤È¡¢¸½ºß¤ÎÆþÎÏʸ»úÎóÁ´ÂΤ¬ºÆÅÙ¥¹¥­¥ã¥ó¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£ (Î㤨¤Ð BEGIN ¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤Æ)¼¡¤Ë¥¹¥­¥ã¥Ê¤¬ÆþÎϤ¹¤ëÊýË¡¤òÊѹ¹¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤È¡¢Ìµ¸Â¥ë¡¼¥×¤È¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£

yyless ¤Ï¥Þ¥¯¥í¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢flex ÆþÎÏ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ç¤Î¤ß»ÈÍѲÄǽ¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢ Ê̤Υ½¡¼¥¹¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤«¤é¤Ï»ÈÍÑÉÔǽ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤ËÃí°Õ¤·¤Æ²¼¤µ¤¤¡£

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unput(c) ʸ»ú c ¤òÆþÎÏ¥¹¥È¥ê¡¼¥à¤ØÌᤷ¤Þ¤¹¡£Ìᤷ¤¿Ê¸»ú¤Ï¼¡¤Ë¥¹¥­¥ã¥ó¤µ¤ì¤ëʸ»ú¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£ ¼¡¤Î¥¢¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï¸½ºß¤Î¥È¡¼¥¯¥ó¤ò¼è¤ê¾å¤²¡¢ ³ç¸ÌÆâ¤ËÆþ¤ì¤ÆºÆ¥¹¥­¥ã¥ó¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£

    {
    int i;
    /* Copy yytext because unput() trashes yytext */
    char *yycopy = strdup( yytext );
    unput( ')' );
    for ( i = yyleng - 1; i >= 0; --i )
        unput( yycopy[i] );
    unput( '(' );
    free( yycopy );
    }

unput() ¤Ïʸ»ú¤òÆþÎÏ¥¹¥È¥ê¡¼¥à¤Î ÀèƬ ¤ËÌ᤹¤Î¤Ç¡¢Ê¸»úÎó¤òÌ᤹¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¸å¤í¤«¤éÁ°¤Ë¸þ¤«¤Ã¤ÆÌ᤹ɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£

unput() »ÈÍÑ»þ¤Î½ÅÍפÊÀøºßŪ¤ÊÌäÂê¤Ï¡¢ %pointer »ÈÍÑ»þ(¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È)¤Ë unput() ¤ò¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤¹¤È¡¢ ±¦Ã¼¤Îʸ»ú¤«¤é³«»Ï¤· 1 ʸ»ú¤º¤Äº¸¤Ë¸þ¤«¤Ã¤Æ¾ÃÈñ¤µ¤ì¡¢ yytext ¤ÎÆâÍƤ¬ Ç˲õ ¤µ¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹¡£ (¾åµ­Îã¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë) unput() ¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤·¸å¤â yytext ¤ÎÆâÍƤòÊݸ¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï¡¢»Ï¤á¤ËÊ̤ξì½ê¤Ë¥³¥Ô¡¼¤¹¤ë¤«¡¢ ¥¹¥­¥ã¥Ê¤ò %array ¤ò»È¤¦¤è¤¦¤Ë¹½ÃÛ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹(ÆþÎϤΥޥåÁÊýË¡»²¾È)¡£

ºÇ¸å¤Ë¡¢ EOF ¤òÌᤷ¤ÆÆþÎÏ¥¹¥È¥ê¡¼¥à¤Ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î½ª¤ê¤ò¥Þ¡¼¥¯¤¹¤ë¤È¤Ï ½ÐÍè¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤ËÃí°Õ¤·¤Æ²¼¤µ¤¤¡£

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input() ¼¡¤Îʸ»ú¤òÆþÎÏ¥¹¥È¥ê¡¼¥à¤«¤éÆɤߤޤ¹¡£ ¼¡¤ÎÎã¤Ï C ¥³¥á¥ó¥È¤ò¿©¤Ù¤Þ¤¹:

    %%
    "/*"        {
                register int c;

                for ( ; ; )
                    {
                    while ( (c = input()) != '*' &&
                            c != EOF )
                        ;    /* eat up text of comment */

                    if ( c == '*' )
                        {
                        while ( (c = input()) == '*' )
                            ;
                        if ( c == '/' )
                            break;    /* found the end */
                        }

                    if ( c == EOF )
                        {
                        error( "EOF in comment" );
                        break;
                        }
                    }
                }

(¥¹¥­¥ã¥Ê¤¬ C++ ¤Ç¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë¤µ¤ì¤¿¤È¤­¤Ï¡¢¤³¤Î¥ë¡¼¥Á¥ó¤Ï yyinput() ¤È¤¤¤¦Ì¾¾Î¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¡¢ C++ ¥¹¥È¥ê¡¼¥à¤Î input ¤È̾Á°¤¬¾×Æͤ¹¤ë¤³¤È¤òÈò¤±¤Þ¤¹¡£)

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YY_FLUSH_BUFFER ¥¹¥­¥ã¥Ê¤ÎÆâÉô¥Ð¥Ã¥Õ¥¡¤ò¥Õ¥é¥Ã¥·¥å¤·¡¢ ¼¡¤Ë¥¹¥­¥ã¥Ê¤¬¥È¡¼¥¯¥ó¤ò¥Þ¥Ã¥Á¤·¤è¤¦¤È¤·¤¿»þ ¥Ð¥Ã¥Õ¥¡¤ò YY_INPUT ¤Ë¤Æ¥ê¥Õ¥£¥ë¤·¤Þ¤¹(À¸À®¤µ¤ì¤¿¥¹¥­¥ã¥Ê¤Ç¸å½Ò)¡£ ¤³¤Î¥¢¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï¡¢ Ê£¿ô¤ÎÆþÎϥХåե¡¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ¸å½Ò¤¹¤ë ¤è¤ê°ìÈÌŪ¤Ê yy_flush_buffer() ´Ø¿ô¤ÎÆÃÊ̤ʥ±¡¼¥¹¤Ç¤¹¡£

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    int yylex()
        {
        ... various definitions and the actions in here ...
        }

    #define YY_DECL float lexscan( a, b ) float a, b;

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    %{
    #define YY_INPUT(buf,result,max_size) \
        { \
        int c = getchar(); \
        result = (c == EOF) ? YY_NULL : (buf[0] = c, 1); \
        }
    %}

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    <STRING>[^"]*        { /* eat up the string body ... */
                ...
                }

    <INITIAL,STRING,QUOTE>\.        { /* handle an escape ... */
                ...
                }

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